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  • Articles  (31)
  • Geosciences  (28)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (2)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science  (1)
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  • Articles  (31)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contact conditions on seismoactive faults (1984)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 122 (1984), S. 680-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Physical seismic models ; Uniaxial loading ; Shear displacement ; Locked zone ; Seismoactivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Square plate models with a diagonally located slit in compression were studied photoelastically. The resulting stress field surrounding the discontinuity (slit) is evaluated before and after seismoactive (seismic-energy-releasing) shear displacement. The mechanism of the fast shear movement (stick-slip), including its radiation properties, in interpreted. The results confirm the existence of a central locked zone in the loaded slit, the limits of which coincide with the initiation points of stick-slip movements. The zone is interpreted as the source of the seismic energy release. The complementary measurements (direct optical and ultrasonic) are presented to verify the results of the photoelastic analysis. The results obtained are discussed in regard to the conclusions that follow from the theory of elasticity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01101874
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic events with non-shear component: I. Shallow earthquakes with a possible tensile source component (1985)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 123 (1985), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Physical modelling ; Tensile cracks ; Shallow earthquakes ; Radiation patterns ; Tensile seismic activity ; Combined shear-tensile seismic source
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The concept of seismicity of fast tensile fracturing is introduced and supported by the results of shear and of combined shear and tensile displacements along a loaded stress concentrator. The seismicity of tensile fracturing is demonstrated by means of acoustic (elastic) signals obtained during tensile fracturing in physical models under load; the basic physical relations between the parameters characterizing the loaded medium, load conditions, shear and tensile displacements, and release of acoustic energy are presented. For determining the tensile-source component in earthquakes a procedure based on the construction of radiation patterns is suggested and submitted for discussion. The criteria for selecting earthquakes with possible shear-tensile source mechanisms are listed and discussed. The existence of such a combined seismic source is sought in two shallow earthquakes which occurred in southern Iran in March 1977. In general, the paper should be regarded as a proposal to utilize the radiation characteristics of a seismic source—with all their insufficiencies—as a quick and simple tool for seeking combined shear and tensile mechanisms of seismic energy release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877045
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macroseismic information from historic pictorial sources (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Prephotographic earthquake depictions ; pictorial macroseismic data ; historical seismicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Prephotographic depictions of earthquakes can contain important information on the types and amount of damage due to a large earthquake in historic times. Care must be used in evaluating such depictions because some are more accurate than others, and many depictions contain little that is of value in making estimates of seismic intensity. Depictions of two earthquakes, in 1692 at Jamaica and in 1843 at Guadeloupe, illustrate the utility of depictions in intensity estimation. A depiction of the scene at Port Royal in Jamaica of the 1692 shock suggests that the major damage was caused by soil slumping and a tsunami, with the ground shaking itself probably only having been about MMI VII. Two depictions of Pointe-à-Pitre at Guadeloupe after the 1843 event contain evidence that the town was damaged by strong ground shaking as well as by major soil failures. The ground shaking here was probably MMI VII–IX. These and other pictures are being assembled for a monograph of prephotographic earthquake depictions in the Americas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876671
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colour schlieren representation of compressional-stress fields with respect to focal zone study (1973)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 17 (1973), S. 314-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary A method of colour schlieren recording of the compressional-stress field gradients, suitable for focal zone study on models, is suggested. The study presents colour schlieren records of the compressional-stress fields in loaded square plates, containing inhomogeneities which give instant quantitative information on these fields. If the inhomogeneity is shaped like Griffith's diagonal slit, good agreement is demonstrated between the experiment and the theoretical calculation of the compressional-stress field in a model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01576722
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tensional crack development in physical models with inhomogeneities under load (1980)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 24 (1980), S. 373-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The paper deals with a study of the mean stress field (σM) and its gradient (δσM/δx) in uniaxially loaded two-dimensional models of small thickness with respect to other dimensions, in which two inhomogeneities, e.g., a circular opening and a linear slit have been made. Particular attention was paid to the stress field development in the treated models durin gthe change of the mutual geometric configuration of both the inhomogeneities in question. The problem was analysed theoretically by means of Muskhelishvili's potentials of the two-dimensional theory of elasticity. To compare the results of calculations, the schlieren method was used to visualize and record the studied gradients of stress fields in physical models. The results of the calculations were calibrated by laboratory tests. In this way the individual model situations were classified from the point of view of their resistance to the applied load.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01629396
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory investigations on fault plane induced tensile cracks (1981)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 25 (1981), S. 332-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Tensile cracks induced by stress concentration around a fault plane in physical models under uniaxial load were analyzed. The results characterizing the decisive role of the fault plane inclination to the the stress direction are presented. Two stages of tensile crack life were determined, i.e. the first, seismoactive stage, accompanied by seismic energy release and the second aseismic one characterized by low velocity of crack propagation. Results obtained seem to be relevant to a better understanding of the character and regime of actual seismoactive faults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01629218
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remarks on seismic energy release related to strike slip and tensile crack mechanisms (1984)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 28 (1984), S. 156-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Резюме Освобож¶rt;енuе сеŭсмuческоŭ энер uu в фuзuческuх мо¶rt;ельях nо¶rt; ¶rt;aвленuе м во время бысmроŭ с¶rt;вu овоŭ uлu оmрывноŭ nо¶rt;вuжкu uзучено nuезоэлекmрuческuм меmо¶rt;ом. В сmamье nре¶rt;ложены хaрaкmерuсmuкu нanрaвленносmu uзлученных волн; оnре¶rt;елены mочкu нaчaлa сеŭсмоaкmuвноŭ с¶rt;вu овоŭ nо¶rt;вuжкu с целю лучще о nоняmuя мехaнuзмa освобож¶rt;енuя сеŭсмuческоŭ энер uu в очa е землеmрясенuя эmо о muna.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01591709
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wave propagation in physical models of micromorphic media (1984)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 28 (1984), S. 272-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The propagation of seismic waves in a micromorphic body, which is supposed to be one of the possible models of the medium in the earthquake focus, is studied by means of the two-dimensional ultrasonic model technique. The results obtained indicate that such a medium is characterized by distinct elastic anisotropy and by increased attenuation. The propagation velocity of longitudinal waves decreases and their amplitudes change considerably. The prevailing frequency of the waves passing through the micromorphic medium tends smoothly to one value which depends on the space distribution, orientation and dimensions of the elements characterizing such a medium. The obtained results are confronted with the theory of a micromorphic medium.
    Notes: Резюме Рaсnросmрaненuе сеŭсмuческuх волн в мuкроморфноŭ сре¶rt;е, nо mеорuu о¶rt;ноŭ uз возможных мо¶rt;елеŭ сре¶rt;ы в очaге землеmрясенuя, uзучaеmся nуmём ¶rt;вухмерного ульmрaзвукового мо¶rt;елuровaнuя. Полученные резульmamы nокaзывaюm, чmо maкaя сре¶rt;a оmлuчеamся яркоŭ уnругоŭ aнuзоmроnuеŭ u nовыщенным nоглощенuе⇐. Скоросmь рaсnросmрaненuя nрохо¶rt;ящuх nро¶rt;ольных волн nонuжaеmся, uх aмnлumу¶rt;ы резко меняюmся. Преовлa¶rt;aющaя чaсmоma волн, nрохо¶rt;ящuх мuкроморфноŭ сре¶rt;оŭ, nлaвно сmремumся к о¶rt;ноŭ велuчuне, коmорaя связaнa с nросmрaнсmвенным рaсnре¶rt;еленuем, нanрaвленносmью u рaзмерaмu ¶rt;ефекmов, оnре¶rt;еляющuх эmу сре¶rt;у. Полученые резульmamы срaвнuвaюmся с mеорuеŭ мuкроморфноŭ сре¶rt;ы.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01589608
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Earthquake (1985)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 29 (1985), S. 100-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Original copper engraving depicting an earthquake is reproduced and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01586418
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wave phenomena on blocks — A schlieren model study (1975)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 19 (1975), S. 350-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The aim of performed experiments was to visualize, record and analyse the P wave pattern connected with simple block structures. Two-component plate models of a half-space (turpentine, v 1 =1240 m/s) containing rectangular blocks (perspex, v 2 =2630 m/s) were studied by means of the schlieren method. P waves generated by an exploding wire source were recorded with a high-speed camera during their passage through a block. The field of reflected and refracted waves, head waves, diffracted waves and inhomogeneous waves was analysed for waves entering and leaving the block. Special attention was paid to diffraction phenomena on rectangular corners of the blocks in question.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01615809
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