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  • Medicine  (73)
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  • Articles  (73)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spc24 interacts with Mps2 and is required for chromosome segregation, but is not implicated in spindle pole body duplication (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 43 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mps2 (monopolar spindle protein) is a coiled-coil protein found at the spindle pole body (SPB) and at the nuclear envelope that is required for insertion of the SPB into the nuclear envelope. We identified three proteins that interact with Mps2 in a two-hybrid screen: Bbp1, Ynl107w and Spc24. All three proteins contain coiled-coil motifs that appear to be required for their interaction with Mps2. In this work, we verified the Mps2–Spc24 interaction by co-immunoprecipitation in vivo and by the in vitro interaction of recombinant proteins. Previous two-hybrid screens with Spc24 as bait had identified Spc25 and Ndc80 as putative interacting partners, and we verified these interactions in vivo by purification of TAP-tagged derivatives of Spc24 and Ndc80. Finally, we found that spc24 thermosensitive mutants had a chromosome segregation defect, but no apparent defect in SPB duplication. These results are consistent with recently published data showing that Spc24, Spc25 and Ndc80 are peripheral kinetochore com-ponents required for chromosome segregation. The Mps2–Spc24 interaction may contribute to the localization of Spc24 and other kinetochore components to the inner plaque of the SPB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02844.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First identification of a trail pheromone of an army ant (Aenictus species) (1994)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 763-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Formicidae ; Aenictus ; army ant ; trail pheromone ; methyl anthranilate ; methyl nicotinate ; primer pheromone ; releaser pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Totally blind army ants carry out massive and highly organised foraging raids, apparently guided by chemical stimuli. Until now, this phenomenon has not been closely analysed. The existence of a trail pheromone in a postpygidial gland of anAenictus species has been demonstrated and the substances identified as methyl anthranilate and methyl nicotinate The pheromone consists of two parts: a primer effect, caused by methyl nicotinate, which prepares workers to follow trails, but is not itself followed, and a releaser effect, due to methyl anthranilate, which causes trail-following only in conjunction with the primer substance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01919378
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of the interferon-stimulated response element in HLA-B downregulation in human melanoma cell lines (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 49 (1999), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Promoter ; HLA-B ; Melanoma ; Transcription ; Interferon-stimulated response element
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Tumor cells are thought to escape immune surveillance from T cells by suppressing expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules at their cell surface. Human MHC class I molecules are encoded by three different loci (HLA-A, -B, and -C). In primary human melanomas as well as melanoma cell lines, HLA class I expression is frequently downregulated in a B locus-specific manner. To study the involvement of promoter elements in HLA-B locus-specific downregulation, a series of reporter constructs containing 5′-flanking sequences of the HLA-A2 and -B7 genes were transfected into melanoma cell lines expressing high and low levels of HLA-B antigens. It is shown that enhancer A, which is generally believed to be a potent enhancer in HLA class I gene transcription, only weakly activates transcription in melanoma cell lines. In contrast, the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE), known to induce MHC class I expression in response to IFNs, as well as a region comprising site α/enhancer B significantly stimulate constitutive transcription of HLA class I genes. Although none of the promoter elements tested could be demonstrated to mediate HLA-B locus-specific downregulation, high and low HLA-B melanoma cell lines do differ in ISRE activity as well as in ISRE-binding nuclear factors. The finding that high and low HLA-B melanoma cell lines contain different transcription factors binding to elements not actively involved in the process of HLA-B locus abrogation suggests that these cell lines originate from distinct types of melanocyte precursor cells expressing a different set of transcription factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050495
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The RAG cell line defines a new complementation group of MHC class II deficiency (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 43 (1996), S. 352-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We previously described RAG, a mouse adenocarcinoma cell line, as deficient for the induction of major histocompatibility (MHC) class II antigens by IFN-γ, but responding normally for MHC class I antigen stimulation and anti-viral protection. We had established that the fusion of RAG with various human cell lines restored the induction of MHC class II antigens, whenever the human chromosome 16 was present in somatic cell hybrids. Here we show that the RAG cell line does not exhibit any induction by IFN-γ ofDMA, DMB, and theinvariant chain (Ii) mRNAs, and that the induction is restored in somatic cell hybrids containing human chromosome 16. In order to define the gene (designatedF16) affected in the RAG cells, we performed a complementation analysis by fusing RAG with previously described human cell lines defective for MHC class II antigen expression (e.g., BLS cell lines), and which belong to five different complementation groups. Our data show that the resulting somatic cell hybrids present an inducible expression of mouse MHC class II antigens, Ii, DMA, and DMB. Therefore, the RAG cell line represents a yet undescribed cellular mutant affected in the expression of MHC class II antigens. In addition, we demonstrate that MHC class II antigens can be constitutively expressed in the RAG cell line when transfected with the cDNA encoding humanCIITA driven by the RSV LTR promoter. Since the complementation analysis assessed that F16 and CIITA are distinct, our data suggest that F16 is required for the expression of CIITA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02199803
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The RAG cell line defines a new complementation group of MHC class II deficiency (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 43 (1996), S. 352-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We previously described RAG, a mouse adenocarcinoma cell line, as deficient for the induction of major histocompatibility (MHC) class II antigens by IFN-γ, but responding normally for MHC class I antigen stimulation and anti-viral protection. We had established that the fusion of RAG with various human cell lines restored the induction of MHC class II antigens, whenever the human chromosome 16 was present in somatic cell hybrids. Here we show that the RAG cell line does not exhibit any induction by IFN-γ of DMA, DMB, and the invariant chain (Ii) mRNAs, and that the induction is restored in somatic cell hybrids containing human chromosome 16. In order to define the gene (designated F16) affected in the RAG cells, we performed a complementation analysis by fusing RAG with previously described human cell lines defective for MHC class II antigen expression (e. g., BLS cell lines), and which belong to five different complementation groups. Our data show that the resulting somatic cell hybrids present an inducible expression of mouse MHC class II antigens, Ii, DMA, and DMB. Therefore, the RAG cell line represents a yet undescribed cellular mutant affected in the expression of MHC class II antigens. In addition, we demonstrate that MHC class II antigens can be constitutively expressed in the RAG cell line when transfected with the cDNA encoding human CIITA driven by the RSV LTR promoter. Since the complementation analysis assessed that F16 and CIITA are distinct, our data suggest that F16 is required for the expression of CIITA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050075
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of MHC class I and II gene transcription: differences and similarities (1998)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 48 (1998), S. 208-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Gene regulation ; MHC class I ; MHC class II ; Promoter ; Class II transactivator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules serve as peptide receptors. These peptides are derived from processed cellular or extra-cellular antigens. The MHC gene complex encodes two major classes of molecules, MHC class I and class II, whose function is to present peptides to CD8+ (cytotoxic) and CD4+ (helper) T cells, respectively. The genes encoding both classes of MHC molecules seem to originate from a common ancestral gene. One of the hallmarks of the MHC is its extensive polymorphism which displays locus and allele-specific characteristics among the various MHC class I and class II genes. Because of its central role in immunosurveillance and in various disease states, the MHC is one of the best studied genetic systems. This review addresses several aspects of MHC class I and class II gene regulation in human and in particular, the contribution to the constitutive and cytokine-induced expression of MHC class I and II genes of MHC class-specific regulatory elements and regulatory elements which apparently are shared by the promoters of MHC class I and class II genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050425
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chordotonal organ inhibits giant interneurones in the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 153 (1983), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cereal nerve-giant interneurone synapse of the cockroach,Periplaneta americana, has been investigated using the ‘single axon, oil-gap’ method, in order to identify the sensory receptors whose activity resulted in a postsynaptic inhibitory response in the giant interneurones. Submaximal electrical stimulation of the cereal nerve X evokes a biphasic postsynaptic potential in the giant interneurones GI 1, GI 2 and GI 3, including an ipsp superimposed on a depolarizing psp. The sensory origin of the cereal nerve X has been studied using the cobalt back-filling method. Distally, nerve X is divided into two branches. The inner branch contains about 500 neurones which innervate small sensilla trichodea located on the ipsilateral half of the supra-anal plate and a few campaniform sensilla on the lateral extended portion of the same plate. The electrical stimulation of this branch causes a monosynaptic depolarizing psp. The outer branch contains about 70 neurones and is exclusively devoted to a chordotonal organ according to electron microscopical evidence. This is laterally located near the basal articulation of each cercus. The electrical stimulation of this branch induces an ipsp. This inhibitory chordotonal organ can be activated by the lateral movement of the whole cercus. These new data require a re-examination of the organization of the giant interneurone receptive fields for a better understanding of their participation in cockroach behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612591
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fusion images and intramembrane particle aggregates during the action of antidiuretic hormone (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 433-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Antidiuretic hormone ; Freeze-fracture ; Rapid-freeze ; Fusion events ; Particle aggregate turnover ; Urinary bladder ; Anura
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes the appearance of water-conducting particle aggregates in the luminal membrane of receptor cells in amphibian bladder and skin, and in the mammalian collecting duct. The aggregates originate from cytoplasmic tubules that fuse with the luminal membrane during ADH stimulation. We have studied the process of fusion and the structure of the particle aggregates by a rapid-freeze technique that renders chemical fixation and glycerol protection unnecessary. Our findings differ in some important respects from previously published work. Aggregate particles, in our study, partition equally between the external (EF) and protoplasmic (PF) membrane leaflets, rather than remaining in the protoplasmic leaflet exlcusively. By including the entire population of fusion images in our survey, we have found that aggregate delivery in ADH-treated cells proceeds preferentially from small fusion images whose diameter is significantly less than the 0.12 μm characteristic of the carrier tubules themselves. We have also found that, even in unstimulated preparations, fusion images are numerous, being mostly of small diameter. ADH stimulation produces a moderate increase in the number of fusion images and a significant increase in fusion-image diameter. These findings indicate that the individual particles are mobile within the membrane, lacking interparticle linkage. In addition, contact of cytoplasmic tubules with the luminal membrane may take place even in the absence of ADH, producing small fusion images which are not associated with aggregate delivery to the luminal membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222356
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of intramembranous particle aggregates in ADH-treated frog urinary bladder and skin: Influence of glutaraldehyde and N-ethyl maleimide (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 595-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ; Particle aggregates ; Amphibia ; Skin ; Urinary bladder ; Glutaraldehyde fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'ultrastructure des agrégats de particules intramembranaires liés à l'action de l'hormone antidiurétique a été étudiée dans différentes conditions. Des agrégats comparables à ceux décrits précédemment dans la vessie des amphibiens et dans les canaux collecteurs des mammifères, ont également été observés, après stimulation hormonale, dans un autre effecteur de l'hormone antidiurétique, la peau de grenouille. Nous avons par ailleurs observé, dans la vessie de grenouille, des agrégats typiques en absence de fixation par le glutaraldéhyde. Deux protocoles ont été expérimentés a) l'absence de toute fixation ou cryoprotection b) l'absence de la seule fixation par le glutaraldéhyde. Dans ce dernier cas, la dissipation de l'effet hydrosmotique a été évitée par un traitement des préparations par le N-ethylmaleimide. Enfin nous avons pu mettre en évidence, dans certains specimens de vessie de grenouille fixés par le glutaraldéhyde, l'existence de deux niveaux distincts de fracture des particules des agrégats, ce qui suggère que les structures sousjacentes s'étendent transversalement dans la membrane.
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of ADH-induced intramembrane particle aggregates has been studied in different tissues and under different experimental conditions. Particle aggregates similar to those previously observed in the amphibian urinary bladder and in the mammalian collecting duct were also found in the frog skin, another ADH target tissue. In the frog urinary bladder, typical aggregates were observed in the absence of glutaraldehyde fixation. Two experimental approaches were used a) the absence of both fixative and cryoprotectant treatments and b) the absence of only glutaraldehyde treatment. In the latter case the reversal of hydrosmotic action was prevented by exposing the preparations to N-ethyl maleimide. In specimens of frog urinary bladder conventionally fixed with glutaraldehyde, two fracture levels could be observed in the aggregates, suggesting that the aggregated particles span an appreciable part of the membrane thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210118
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  • 10
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    Decline in climate resilience of European wheat (2018)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-24
    Description: Food security relies on the resilience of staple food crops to climatic variability and extremes, but the climate resilience of European wheat is unknown. A diversity of responses to disturbance is considered a key determinant of resilience. The capacity of a sole crop genotype to perform well under climatic variability is limited; therefore, a set of cultivars with diverse responses to weather conditions critical to crop yield is required. Here, we show a decline in the response diversity of wheat in farmers’ fields in most European countries after 2002–2009 based on 101,000 cultivar yield observations. Similar responses to weather were identified in cultivar trials among central European countries and southern European countries. A response diversity hotspot appeared in the trials in Slovakia, while response diversity “deserts” were identified in Czechia and Germany and for durum wheat in southern Europe. Positive responses to abundant precipitation were lacking. This assessment suggests that current breeding programs and cultivar selection practices do not sufficiently prepare for climatic uncertainty and variability. Consequently, the demand for climate resilience of staple food crops such as wheat must be better articulated. Assessments and communication of response diversity enable collective learning across supply chains. Increased awareness could foster governance of resilience through research and breeding programs, incentives, and regulation.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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