ALBERT

Description: This case study provides insight into magnetic susceptibility (MS), iron and bulk-sample geochemistry patterns in an Upper Mississippian siliciclastic–carbonate cyclothemic section Polotnyanyi Zavod (Moscow Basin, Russia), with many subaerial disconformities and Stigmaria impressions. The goal of this paper is to test whether the MS and geochemical signals in this section are linked to any specific geological processes. The section is dominated by limestones but contains several siliciclastic units and numerous subaerial disconformities. This lithological heterogeneity is vividly expressed on MS and bulk geochemical logs. MS shows the strongest positive correlation to bulk iron and also strong correlations to Al 2 O 3 , MgO, K 2 O and TiO 2 , pointing to close association of iron with siliciclastic fines rich in detrital mica and clays. The correlation of iron and MS to siliciclastic fines or subaerial exposure horizons is not straightforward. The highest ferruginization with most intense MS excursions occurs in basal sooty silts and shales of three main siliciclastic units of the studied section. In addition, many other thin pedogenized shales are ferruginized and show a relative high magnetism, but some ferruginized shales are not palaeosols.

Description: The available up-to-date equipment allows us to perform various research tasks using modern scientific tools. The article shows examples of how data on the composition of stable isotopes can be used in biology, environmental studies, archeology, and paleoclimatology. In addition to stable isotopes, radioactive isotopes 14 C and 3 H are studied. An 1220 Quantulus spectrometer-radiometer is used to determine their specific activity. Investigations on the tritium specific activity in aqueous samples and tritium water isolated from tree ring cellulose on background and anthropogenically loaded sites are carried out. An analysis of carbon specific activity allows performing radiocarbon dating of bottom sediments, peat deposits, and archaeological samples. A qualitative elemental analysis is carried out using a Hitachi TM-1000 microscope equipped with an X-ray spectral analyzer.

Description: Based on an analytic signal theory, the authors have developed an iterative algorithm for climate clustering using a temperature oscillation analysis. Surface temperature is selected as an integrated climate change indicator. Temperature series are studied as modulated signals. The algorithm enables signal grouping on various spatio-temporal scales using the available information on the synchronicity of envelopes of the signals.

Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉At least four horizons of enhanced anoxia (anoxic horizons; AHs) are recognized in the uppermost Eifelian–Middle Frasnian mudrock-dominated strata of the Mackenzie Valley and Peel area of NW Canada. Aluminium-normalized Mo and U logs in two cored sections reveal AH-I at the Eifelian–Givetian boundary, AH-II in basal Frasnian, and AH-III and AH-IV bundled in the Middle Frasnian interval. These four horizons are characterized by attenuated siliciclastic components. Spectral gamma-ray K + Th and U are the best tools to trace these horizons in wells and outcrops. AHs are biostratigraphically correlated with ‘black-shale events’ in several basins of the world. Depositional environment is depicted as a stratified basin where the water-column chemocline defined co-sedimentation of anoxic mudrocks in topographic lows and oxic grey shales and carbonate banks on seafloor elevations. Based on inductively coupled plasma elemental data from 1687 samples, siliciclastic-lean basinal mudrock units that host AHs are strongly enriched in Mo (median EFMo ∼ 97–172 EFMo/EFU ≈ (3–3.5) × SW, where EFMo and EFU are respectively Al-normalized Mo and U in enrichment factor notation and SW is average present-day seawater value) compared with siliciclastic-rich units (median EFMo ∼ 17–37) and show strong EFU/EFMo covariation (〈span〉r〈/span〉 ≈ 0.8 in Canol Formation and Bluefish Member). Supported by a lack of geological evidence for an oceanographic barrier, this enrichment indicates unrestricted water exchange with Panthalassa. At the same time, development of oligotrophy is indicated by a lack of P enrichment and weak to non-existent enrichment in Zn and Cu. These features are reconciled through a model by earlier workers that involves a global shift to a warm greenhouse mode with slowed oceanic convection, expanded oxygen minimum zones and a failure of nutrient resupply from the upwelling. The onset of mass degassing in continental large igneous provinces represents a potential trigger for this mid-Devonian shift. Devonian black-shale events in this scenario represent genuine oceanic anoxic events marking hothouse episodes in their nascent form.〈strong〉Supplementary material:〈/strong〉 Details of methods, analytical protocols and data scatterplots, stratigraphic cross-sections showing traceability of anoxic horizons, and inductively coupled plasma elemental and Rock-Eval 6 data used in this study are available at: 〈a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4212428"〉https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4212428〈/a〉〈/span〉

Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉At least four horizons of enhanced anoxia (anoxic horizons; AHs) are recognized in the uppermost Eifelian–Middle Frasnian mudrock-dominated strata of the Mackenzie Valley and Peel area of NW Canada. Aluminium-normalized Mo and U logs in two cored sections reveal AH-I at the Eifelian–Givetian boundary, AH-II in basal Frasnian, and AH-III and AH-IV bundled in the Middle Frasnian interval. These four horizons are characterized by attenuated siliciclastic components. Spectral gamma-ray K + Th and U are the best tools to trace these horizons in wells and outcrops. AHs are biostratigraphically correlated with ‘black-shale events’ in several basins of the world. Depositional environment is depicted as a stratified basin where the water-column chemocline defined co-sedimentation of anoxic mudrocks in topographic lows and oxic grey shales and carbonate banks on seafloor elevations. Based on inductively coupled plasma elemental data from 1687 samples, siliciclastic-lean basinal mudrock units that host AHs are strongly enriched in Mo (median EFMo ∼ 97–172 EFMo/EFU ≈ (3–3.5) × SW, where EFMo and EFU are respectively Al-normalized Mo and U in enrichment factor notation and SW is average present-day seawater value) compared with siliciclastic-rich units (median EFMo ∼ 17–37) and show strong EFU/EFMo covariation (〈span〉r〈/span〉 ≈ 0.8 in Canol Formation and Bluefish Member). Supported by a lack of geological evidence for an oceanographic barrier, this enrichment indicates unrestricted water exchange with Panthalassa. At the same time, development of oligotrophy is indicated by a lack of P enrichment and weak to non-existent enrichment in Zn and Cu. These features are reconciled through a model by earlier workers that involves a global shift to a warm greenhouse mode with slowed oceanic convection, expanded oxygen minimum zones and a failure of nutrient resupply from the upwelling. The onset of mass degassing in continental large igneous provinces represents a potential trigger for this mid-Devonian shift. Devonian black-shale events in this scenario represent genuine oceanic anoxic events marking hothouse episodes in their nascent form.〈strong〉Supplementary material:〈/strong〉 Details of methods, analytical protocols and data scatterplots, stratigraphic cross-sections showing traceability of anoxic horizons, and inductively coupled plasma elemental and Rock-Eval 6 data used in this study are available at: 〈a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4212428"〉https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4212428〈/a〉〈/span〉

Description: The article discusses the method of creation a competitive-resource information model of the manufacturing system on the example of producing batch of parts, which allows expanding the field of determining the information links acting in the manufacturing process. It makes possible to determine the relationship of machining operations with elements of the manufacturing system. List of input data is selected for assessing of parts machining effectiveness for productivity parameters. A conceptual description of the competitive resource model with data groups of the information model is presented. The results of practical implementation of the methodology tested at one of Russian machine-building enterprises are presented.

Description: The paper discussed the problems of effective machining of workpieces in small batches on CNC machines with multi-pallet systems, combined into flexible manufacturing cells (FMC). In the paper was reviewed timeline of such manufacturing cells. It is shown that in order to increase the efficiency of the CNC machines with multi-pallet systems into each flexible manufacturing cell is necessary to pick up different workpieces to be machined, based on the duration of their machining cycles and installation in pallets. It allows providing machines downtime minimization. To calculate the machining cycles of workpieces in a flexible manufacturing cell, it is proposed to use the graph-analytical method, which gives an enlarged estimate, and the method of simulation of manufacturing processes, which allows obtaining a refined decision.

Description: The experimental data of crack length growth and crack surface displacements and critical stress intensity factor of glued timber members adhesive joints are presented in this paper.The influence on crack growth of cyclic loading, load duration and atmospheric impacts are considered.