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  • Articles  (414)
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  • Books  (1)
  • Articles  (414)
  • Data  (4)
  • Other Sources  (7)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High intensity ECR ion source (H+, D+, H−) developments at CEA/Saclay : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 922-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Source of light ions with high intensities The (SILHI) source has been producing proton beams since 1996. The first aim is to produce up to 100 mA cw beams at 95 keV for the injector of protons for high intensity demonstrator. This prototype is developed by a CEA/DSM–CNRS/IN2P3 collaboration for applications such as accelerator driven systems for nuclear waste transmutation, production of radioactive ion beams, or secondary particles. To measure installation reliability, continuous 5 day long runs have been performed. In October 1999, a 99.96% availability was achieved with a single short beam off and a 103 H uninterrupted beam. A new extraction system leads to lower beam losses and higher LEBT transparency. SILHI now produces a 95 keV–130 mA total beam with a proton fraction higher than 80%. Up to a 157 mA (247 mA/cm2) total cw beam has been extracted. The new EPICS control system, electromagnetic interference hardened devices and automatic control procedures now allow us to do longer runs. To analyze the reliability of these upgrades, a 4 week test was planned. In the framework of the International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility project CEA participation, 135 mA–95 kV deuteron pulsed beams were produced. Extraction simulations and recent SILHI results are also presented. In addition, a new test bench has been recently developed to analyze H− beam production. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1428783
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First plasma analysis of the CEA/Saclay ECR hydrogen negative ion source : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 983-985 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Reliable high intensity H− ion source development is now part of the CEA/Saclay work in the field of high intensity linear accelerators. A 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) H− ion source and test bench have been built. This new source has been designed taking into account our experience on the French high intensity ECR proton source. For H− ion production, the high-energy electrons created in the ECR zone are trapped by a dipole magnetic filter. A rectangular 210 mm long plasma chamber and an intermediate iron shield are used to minimize the magnetic field in the extraction region. A second magnetic dipole separates electrons and negative ions in a 10 kV extraction system. To reduce the electron/H− ratio, the plasma electrode is biased by a power supply. The first helium plasma allowed us to verify the satisfactory electron separator behavior. Pulsed hydrogen plasma is currently produced. The first plasma characterization is under progress as a function of ion source parameters by using Langmuir probes and optical spectrometer. The first results are presented and possible evolutions toward a higher efficiency source will be discussed. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1429302
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of beam emittance of the CEA high intensity proton source SILHI (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 2652-2654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The emittance of the intense proton beam extracted by the source SILHI at Commisariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Saclay is a key parameter for the design of the IPHI Project RFQ. This parameter has a relevant role even for the design of an intense proton source for the TRASCO project of Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). The tests performed in the framework of CEA-INFN collaboration have been mainly devoted to a 75 mA beam emittance investigation injecting different gases in the beam line. The results show that the rms normalized emittance decreases up to a factor 3 while the beam losses induced by recombination are contained within 5%. Normalized emittance in r-r′ plane of about 0.1 π min mrad have been obtained using Ar and Kr. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149823
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First results on the warm EBIS source at Saclay : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1168-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A large high current EBIS source, working at room temperature, and using a noncryogenic solenoid, has been completed in Saclay. This source, whose current density is lower (≈100 A cm−2) than the cryogenic EBIS, has been designed to be used at very low pressures with turbo and Ti sublimator pumping. An ultimate vacuum of 8×10−12 mbar has been reached and may be obtained in a few days after opening. This ultrahigh vacuum allows very long confinement times. The electron beam has been injected and large amounts of Ar16+ and Ar17+ ions have been obtained in July. These preliminary results are in good agreement with theoretical simulations. More details about the special dynamics of the warm EBIS are presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146721
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First results of a high-current electron cyclotron resonance proton source : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1240-1242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source for producing a 100 mA H+ beam is under study. The microwave power is coupled through a quartz window and a water-cooled 90° waveguide bend in order to avoid the heating of the electrons backstreaming from the source. The ECR condition is obtained with dc magnetic coils. Preliminary results reported here show that a beam current density of 75 mA/cm2 can be extracted at 10 kV from a 3-mm-diam aperture, with 1.2 kW of microwave power at 1×10−3 mbar of hydrogen pressure. The proton fraction is 75% with an alumina-coated plasma electrode and 85% with a nitride coating. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146643
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emittance improvement of the electron cyclotron resonance high intensity light ion source proton beam by gas injection in the low energy beam transport : The 8th interntaional conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1413-1416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: SILHI is the ECR high intensity light ion source studied in France at C.E.A. Saclay. This is the source for the injector of the high intensity proton injector prototype developed by a CNRS-IN2P3 collaboration. 80 mA at 95 keV beams with a rms normalized r–r′ emittance lower than 0.3 π mm mrad and a proton fraction better than 85% are currently produced. Recently, it has been found that the injection in the low energy beam transport of a buffer gas had a strong effect on the emittance measured 1 m downstream of the focusing solenoid. By adding several gases (H2, N2, Ar, Kr), improvements as great as a factor of 3 have been observed. The emittance has been measured by means of an r–r′ emittance measurement unit equipped with a sampling hole and a wire profile monitor, both moving across the beam. Simultaneously, the space charge compensation factor is measured using a four-grid analyzer unit. In this article all results of these experiments are presented and discussed. A first explanation of the emittance reduction phenomenon and possible consequences on the injector operation is given. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150448
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status and new developments of the high intensity electron cyclotron resonance source light ion continuous wave, and pulsed mode (invited) : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 830-835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The high intensity light ion source (SILHI) is the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source constructed and tested at CEA-Saclay. The first aim is to produce up to 100 mA cw proton beams at 95 keV for the proton injection high intensity (IPHI) beams [5 MeV radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and 10 MeV drift tube linac (DTL)]. This prototype is developed by a CEA–CNRS-IN2P3 collaboration for applications such as accelerator driven systems for nuclear waste transmutation, production of radioactive ion beams or secondary particles. SILHI is also used to study the production of deuteron and H− beams for the International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility and European spallation source projects, respectively. The present status of SILHI and the experiments planned for the near future in both cw and pulsed modes are presented in this article. 80 mA cw proton beams are now currently produced at 95 keV with a high availability (∼1 spark/day). The proton fraction is around 90% and the typical r–r′ rms normalized emittance after transport through a single solenoid low energy beam transport (LEBT) without beam losses is 0.3 πmm mrad. The best beam characteristics are obtained when an ECR zone is created at the frontier between the plasma chamber and the rf ridged transition. Extensive emittance measurements performed with different gas injection in the LEBT have shown a factor of three emittance reduction. Space charge compensation measurements in cw mode will be undertaken with a four-grid analyzer to understand this behavior. Time resolved space charge compensation measurements in pulsed mode are also discussed. The highest total beam current of 120 mA (240 mA/cm2) can be extracted with two ECR zones located at the plasma chamber extremities. Nevertheless a new electrode design must be done for this configuration to avoid excessive beam losses in the extraction system. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A hollow cathode ion source as an electron-beam ion source injector for metallic elements : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on ion sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1129-1131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A hollow cathode ion source (HCIS) has been developed in our Laboratory to produce, by cathodic sputtering in a glow discharge, a one charge metallic ion beam. This source is used as an injector for the electron-beam ion source (EBIS) Dioné that produce, after ion stripping, a highly charged heavy-ion beam for acceleration in Mimas–Saturne synchrotrons. Due to the good pulse-to-pulse repeatability of the HCIS, the very long lifetime of the cathode (several months), as well as the very good value of the normalized emittance (εnorm=4×10−9 π mrad), this source appears as an ideal EBIS injector for metallic and gaseous elements. In this paper we report the description of the HCIS and the experimental results achieved, after injection in the EBIS, by the production of heavy-ion beams like Fe20+, Au50+, and U55+ (from 4×107 to 9×106 ions/cycle).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145034
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double diffusion in a vertical fluid layer: Onset of the convective regime (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 59-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper considers the onset of double diffusive natural convection in a vertical layer of a binary fluid submitted to horizontal thermal and compositional gradients. The analysis deals with the particular situation where the resulting buoyancy forces (the Grashof numbers corresponding to the thermal and solutal effects) are opposing and of equal intensity. The stability analysis for the infinite layer shows that the purely diffusive (motionless) solution prevails at moderate Grashof numbers, and an analytical expression of the critical Rayleigh number as a function of the Lewis number is obtained. These results are then compared to the critical values which are determined from numerical simulations in an enclosure. Numerical calculations in the transient regime are used to give an interpretation of the stability of the steady state diffusive regime when the buoyancy forces are below the critical value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868045
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Last results of the continuous-wave high-intensity light ion source at CEA-Saclay : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1009-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The high-intensity light ion source (SILHI) is designed to be a prototype source for high power linear accelerators. The goal is to produce a 100 mA proton or a 140 mA deuteron ion beams at 95 keV with rms normalized emittance lower than 0.2 π mm mrad. A 108 mA total beam (J=215 mA/cm2) was extracted in April 1997 (85% H+, 12% H2+, and 3% H3+ fractions) with two electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) zones located at both plasma chamber extremities simultaneously. First beam measurements indicate a 0.17 π mm mrad rms normalized emittance for a 80 mA proton beam at 80 keV. In these conditions, a 96% availability was obtained during an 8 h working day. An intermediate electrode is placed in the accelerator gap to minimize emittance distortions as shown by simulations. Beam analysis were made as a function of the intermediate electrode voltage, the gas flow, the magnetic field, and the 2.45 GHz rf power. First rf plasma coupling observations indicated that the magnetron was too highly coupled with the load (plasma chamber). By adding a second circulator and locking the oscillator with an external signal, this dependence was decreased. Measurements then clearly show that the output spectrum is completely independent of the load phasing. All these results will be presented. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148546
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