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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 1 (1980), S. 331-344 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: viscosity ; n-alkane mixtures ; congruence principle ; Grunberg and Nissan equation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Viscosity coefficient measurements at saturation pressure are reported for n-hexane + n-hexadecane, n-hexane + n-octane + n-hexadecane, and n-hexane + n-octane + n-dodecane + n-hexadecane at temperatures from 283 to 378 K. The results show that the Congruence Principle applies to the molar excess Gibbs free energy of activation for flow, δ* G E, at temperatures other than 298 K. However, curves of δ* G E versus index number of the mixture are temperature dependent, and this must be taken into account for accurate prediction of mixture viscosity coefficients by this approach. The purely empirical equation of Grunberg and Nissan; 1 $$\ln \eta = x_1 \ln \eta _1 + x_2 \ln \eta _2 + x_1 x_2 G$$ which has the advantage of not involving molar volumes, satisfactorily reproduces the experimental results for the binary mixture, but G is definitely composition dependent.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 11 (1990), S. 863-873 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: diffusion ; hard-sphere theory ; n-alkanes ; thermal conductivity ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Thermal conductivity, viscosity, and self-diffusion coefficient data for liquid n-alkanes are satisfactorily correlated simultaneously by a method based on the hard-sphere theory of transport properties. Universal curves are developed for the reduced transport properties λ *, η *, and D * as a function of the reduced volume. A consistent set of equations is derived for the characteristic volume and for the parameters R λ, R η, and R D, introduced to account for the nonsphericity and roughness of the molecules. The temperature range of the above scheme extends from 110 to 370 K, and the pressure range up to 650 MPa.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 13 (1992), S. 895-905 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: benzene ; diffusion ; ethylbenzene ; hard-sphere theory ; mesitylene ; thermal conductivity ; toluene ; viscosity ; xylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A previously described method, based on consideration of hard-sphere theory, is used for the simultaneous correlation of the coefficients of self-diffusion, viscosity, and thermal conductivity for benzene, toluene, o-, m-, and p-xylene, mesitylene, and ethylbenzene in excellent agreement with experiment, over extended temperature and pressure ranges. Values are given for the roughness factors R D , R η, and R λ, and the characteristic volume, V 0, is expressed as a function of both carbon number and temperature.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 13 (1992), S. 791-800 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: high pressure ; mesitylene ; mixtures ; toluene ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract New absolute measurements of the viscosity of mesitylene and binary mixtures of toluene + mesitylene are presented. The measurements were performed in a vibrating-wire instrument and cover a temperature range of 295–330 K and pressures up to 55 MPa. The concentrations studied were 40 and 70%, by weight, of toluene. The overall uncertainty in the reported data is estimated to be ±0.5%. A recently extended semiempirical scheme for the prediction of the viscosity of mixtures from the pure components is used to predict successfully the viscosity of these mixtures, as a function of composition, temperature, and pressure.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: free volume ; Grunberg and Nissan equation ; high pressure ; isooctane ; n-dodecane ; n-octane ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the high-pressure self-centering falling-body viscometer system, and the new automated data logging system, are described. Viscosity coefficient measurements made with an estimated accuracy of ± 2 % are reported for isooctane and for equimolar mixtures of isooctane + n-octane and isooctane + n-dodecane at 25, 50, 75, and 100°C at pressures up to 500 MPa or to the freezing pressure. The pressure dependence of the results is found to be represented equally well by the recent equation of Makita and by a free-volume form of equation. The Grunberg and Nissan equation gives a good fit to the mixture viscosity coefficient data.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 13 (1992), S. 269-281 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: diffusion ; hard-sphere theory ; n-alkanes ; thermal conductivity ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent accurate measurements of the self-diffusion coefficient for n-hexadecane and n-octane and of the viscosity coefficient for n-heptane, n-nonane, and n-undecane over wide pressure ranges have been used to provide a critical test of a previously described method, based on consideration of hard-sphere theory, for the correlation of transport coefficient data. It is found that changes are required to the universal curve for the reduced viscosity coefficient as a function of reduced volume and, also, to the parameters R D, R η , and R λ which were introduced to account for effects of nonspherical molecular shape. The scheme now accounts most satisfactorily for the self-diffusion, viscosity, and thermal conductivity coefficient data for all n-alkanes from methane to hexadecane at densities greater than the critical density.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 15 (1994), S. 591-601 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: high pressure ; refrigerants ; R134a ; R32 ; vibrating-wire technique ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports new measurements of the liquid viscosity of R134a and R32 in the temperature range 270 to 340 K and pressures up to 20 MPa. The measurements have been carried out in a vibrating-wire instrument calibrated with respect to the standard reference value of the viscosity of water. It is estimated that the uncertainty of the present viscosity data is one of 0.5%. The experimental data have been represented by polynomial functions of temperature and pressure for the purposes of interpolation.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 16 (1995), S. 761-772 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: density ; high pressure ; refrigerants ; Tail equation ; thermal conductivity ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A recently developed scheme, based on considerations of hard-sphere theory, is used for the simultaneous correlation of the coefficients of viscosity and thermal conductivity for the refrigerants R11, R12, R22, R32. R124, R125, R134a, R141b, and R152a in excellent agreement with experiment, over extended temperature and pressure ranges. Values for the roughness factors and correlations for the characteristic volume are presented. The overall average absolute deviations of the experimental viscosity and thermal conductivity measurements from those calculated by the correlation are 2.1 and 2.3%, respectively, over a temperature range from 200 to about 10 K below the critical temperature and a pressure range from saturation to about 40 MPa. Since the proposed scheme is based on recent and accurate density values, a Tail-type equation was also employed to correlate successfully the density of the refrigerants. The overall average absolute deviation of the experimental density measurements from those calculated by the correlation is ±0.08%.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 367-375 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: correlation ; hard spheres ; liquid ; refrigerants ; thermal conductivity ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The viscosity and thermal conductivity of liquid halogenated ethane refrigerants from about 200 K to near the critical temperature, at saturation and also at pressures up to 50 MPa, are shown to be satisfactorily correlated on the basis of a scheme developed by Dymond and Assael from consideration of hard-sphere theory.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: Alkane mixtures ; Grunberg and Nissan equation ; high pressure ; n-octane ; n-dodecane ; viscometer ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Viscosity coefficients measured with an estimated accuracy of 2% using a new design of self-centering falling body viscometer are reported for n-octane, n-dodecane, and equimolar mixtures of n-octane + n-dodecane and n-hexane + n-dodecane at 25, 50, 75, and 100°C at pressures up to the freezing pressure or 500 MPa. The data for a given composition at different temperatures and pressures are very satisfactorily correlated by a plot of ή, defined as 104ηV2/3/(MT)1/2 in the cgs system of units or, generally, 9.118×107ηV2/3/(MRT)1/2, versus logV′, where V' = V · V 0(T R)/V 0(T) and V 0 represents the close-packed volume at temperature T and reference temperature T R. The experimental results are fitted, generally well within the estimated uncertainty, by the equation $$\ln \eta ' = - 1.0 + \frac{{BV_0 }}{{V - V_0 }}$$ , where B and V 0 are temperature and composition dependent. Values of B and V 0 for the mixtures are simply related to values for the pure liquids. The binary mixing rule of Grunberg and Nissan is investigated. Values of the mixing parameter G are positive, tend to increase with increases in pressure, and also increase with increases in difference in carbon number of the two pure components.
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