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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attraction of bark beetles,Tomicus piniperda,Hylurgops palliatus, andTrypodendron domesticum and other insects to short-chain alcohols and monoterpenes (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 2385-2402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Host-plant selection ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Nitidulidae ; Rhizophagidae ; Calliphoridae ; Diptera ; semiochemical ; monoterpenes ; methanol ; ethanol ; propanol ; terpinolene ; α-pinene ; 3-carene ; verbenone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several Scandinavian forest insects,Hylurgops palliatus, Tomicus piniperda, andTrypodendron domesticum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae),Rhizophagus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) andPollenia spp. (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were attracted to window traps baited with ethanol and placed on Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) in May–June, 1986. Release of ethanol at increasing relative rates of 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 (800 mg/day) from the window traps on trees in 1987 causedH. palliatus, T. domesticum, andR. ferrugineus to be increasingly attracted, whileT. piniperda was equally attracted at both 0.1 and 1.0 rates. The attraction ofT. piniperda to ethanol was weak compared to attraction to a monoterpene mix, (±)-α-pinene, (+)-3-carene, terpinolene. The terpene mix plus ethanol was significantly more attractive toH. palliatus than ethanol alone, but terpenes significantly reduced the attraction ofT. domesticum to ethanol. Baiting of pipe traps with a series of short-chain alcohols (methanol to hexanol) each alone showed that ethanol was greatly preferred byH. palliatus, T. domesticum, andR. ferrugineus over alcohols of one more or one less carbon, while longer-chain alcohols were not attractive. However,Glischrochilus hortensis (Col.: Nitidulidae) was attracted only to propanol. A series of 10-fold increasing release rates of ethanol (0.0001-1.0, where 1.0=800 mg/day) with either a “low” or “high” release of the terpene mix had various effects on the sexes during their attraction to pipe traps and subsequent entering of holes. Release of (−)-verbenone at 0.25 mg/day had no significant effect onH. palliatus orR. ferrugineus attraction to ethanol, but the response ofT. domesticum to ethanol was reduced. Several theories on olfactory mechanisms of host selection byT. piniperda are integrated and placed in ecological perspective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984957
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in attraction to semiochemicals present in sympatric pine shoot beetles,Tomicus minor andT. piniperda (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1045-1067 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Host attraction ; pheromone ; Pinus sylveslris ; trans-verbenol ; 3-carene-10-ol ; myrtenol ; verbenone ; EAG ; kairomone ; Blastophagus ; Tomicus minor ; Tomicus piniperda ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; pine shoot beetles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The chemical ecology of host- and mate-finding in the pine shoot beetles,Tomicus minor andT. piniperda, was studied in southern Sweden. Beetles were collected in the field from defined attack phases on Scots pine. Using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, a number of oxygen-containing monoterpenes, e.g., 3-carene-10-ol, myrtenol,trans-verbenol, and verbenone, were identified from hindgut extracts of both sexes of both species. Compared toT. minor,T. piniperda contained additional compounds and in larger amounts. The amounts were highest in both species at the time when the beetles had bored into contact with the resin-producing xylem-phloem tissue. The synthesis of (1S,6R)-3-carene-10-ol by photooxidatipn of (+)-(1S,6R)-3-carene is described. In comparative electroantennogram (EAG) measurements on males and females of both species, the most active of the tested compounds wastrans-verbenol. Laboratory bioassays of walking beetles showed thatT. piniperda was attracted to uninfestèd pine logs.T. minor was more strongly attracted to pine logs infested with females than to uninfested pine logs, indicating a female-produced aggregation pheromone. Field tests confirmed thatT. piniperda was strongly attracted to pine logs. The attraction ofT. minor to logs was significant only when logs were combined with racemictrans-verbenol and (1S,6R)-3-carene-10-ol.T. minor was also attracted to a combination of these monoterpene alcohols alone. We suggest that host and mate location inT. piniperda is achieved by means of a kairomone composed of host monoterpenes, whileT. minor utilizes a primitive pheromone synergized by host odors. Evolution of host colonization strategies of the two beetles are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020537
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attractive and inhibitory pheromones produced in the bark beetle,Dendroctonus brevicomis, during host colonization: Regulation of inter- and intraspecific competition (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 861-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Cleridae ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Enoclerus lecontei ; Pinus ponderosa ; bark beetle ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; verbenone ; trans-verbenol ; ipsdienol ; aggregation ; pheromone ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Quantities of attractive (exo-brevicomin and frontalin) and inhibitory (trans-verbenol, verbenone, and ipsdienol) pheromones were monitored in both sexes ofDendroctonus brevicomis during their colonization of a ponderosa pine. Verbenone was found in males in the greatest amounts at the time of landing, and it declined more rapidly than the other pheromones in either sex. The amounts of frontalin andexo-brevicomin in males and females, respectively, increased after initial boring within the host but began to decline after mating. The quantity oftrans-verbenol in both sexes (females had significantly more) declined more gradually thanexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and verbenone. Ipsdienol was found only in males during the initial stages of attack when encountering the resin. It is suggested that along with a general decline in all pheromonal components, a sufficient change in the ratio of the attractive pheromones to an inhibitory pheromone,trans-verbenol, may play a role in termination of aggregation.trans-Verbenol may also function along with verbenone and ipsdienol in limiting the density of attack and thus intraspecific competition. These inhibitory pheromones also appear to cause several competing species of bark beetle to avoid landing in areas infested withD. brevicomis, even when their own pheromone is present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987969
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