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  • positron-emitting tracer imaging system  (1)
  • rice straw  (1)
  • toxicity  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation and fermentation treatment of cellulosic wastes (1994)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 35 (1994), S. 95-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: cellulosic wastes ; fermentation ; radiation ; rice straw ; sugar cane bagasse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of radiation pasteurization of sugar cane bagasse and rice straw and fermentation using various strains of fungi were studied for upgrading of cellulosic wastes. The initial contamination by fungi and aerobic bacteria both in bagasse and straw was high. The doses of 30 kGy for sterilization and 8 kGy for elimination of fungi were required. Irradiation effect showed that rice straw contained comparatively radioresistant microorganisms. It was observed that all the fungi (Hericium erinacium, Pleurotus djamor, Ganoderma lucidum, Auricularia auricula, Lentinus sajor-caju, Coriolus versicolor, Polyporus arcularius, Coprinus cinereus) grow extending over the entire substrates during one month after inoculation in irradiated bagasse and rice straw with 3% rice bran and 65% moisture content incubated at 30°C. Initially, sugar cane bagasse and rice straw substrates contained 39.4% and 25.9% of cellulose, 22.9% and 26.9% of hemicellulose, and 19.6% and 13.9% of lignin + cutin, respectively. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) values decreased significantly in sugar cane bagasse fermented byG. lucidum, A. auricula andP. arcularius, and in rice straw fermented by all the 8 strains of fungi. Acid detergent fibre (ADF) values also decreased in bagasse and rice straw fermented by all the fungi.P. arcularius, H. erinacium, G. lucidum andC. cinereus were found to be the most effective strains for delignification of sugar cane bagasse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268535
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses ofGanoderma lucidum to heavy metals (1999)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 40 (1999), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum ; heavy metal ; toxicity ; tracer ; translocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The lelvels of seven heavy metals and their toxicity towardGanoderma lucidum under various cultivation conditions were assessed. The contents of Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb and U in the fruitbodies of cultivatedG. lucidum, and sawdust substrates were determined to be at trace levels for U, 0.01–0.1 μg/g for Cd and Hg, and 1–5 μg/g for Pb, 10–120 μg/g for Mn, Cu and Zn. The effects of heavy metals, on the growth of mycelia ofG. lucidium in pure cultures were examined over a wide range of concentrations (10–3,000 μg/ml), and their toxicities were found to decrease in the order: Hg〉Cd〉Cu〉U〉Pb〉Mn=Zn. The translocation and accumulation of Zn from contaminated substrates (at 10 μg/g) in fruitbodies were investigated by using65Zn tracer, andG. lucidum was found to take up Zn with an efficiency of 〉60%, leading to accumulation of 〉100 μ/g, in fruitbodies and 〉80 μ/g Zn in basidiospores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464301
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection and characterization of nitrogen circulation through the sieve tubes and xylem vessels of rice plants (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 196 (1997), S. 233-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: nitrogen ; 13N ; 15N ; phloem sap ; positron-emitting tracer imaging system ; rice ; xylem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen movement through the xylem vessels and sieve tubes in rice plants was studied using xylem and phloem sap analysis in combination with stable and radioactive nitrogen isotope techniques. More than 90% of nitrogen was translocated in the sieve tubes of rice plants as amino acids. When 15N (99.6 atom%) was applied as a nitrate to the root, 15N first appeared in phloem sap of the leaf sheath within 10 minutes and increased to 37 atom% excess 5 hours after the experiment had started. In long-term experiments, 63% of nitrogen in the phloem sap of the leaf sheath and 15% in that of the uppermost internode came from nitrogen absorbed within the last 24 hours and 50 hours, respectively. To obtain information about the more rapid circulation of nitrogen in the plant, radioactive 13N was used as a tracer. A positron-emitting tracer imaging system was used to show that 13N was transferred to the leaf sheath within 8 minutes of its application to the roots. Analysis of the xylem sap of the leaf sheath showed that when the nitrate was applied to the roots, most of the nitrogen in the xylem was transported as a nitrate. These data showed that phloem and xylem sap analysis together with the stable and radioactive nitrogen techniques provide a good method for the detection of nitrogen cycles in plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004254124898
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