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  • sodium chloride  (4)
  • nonaqueous solvents  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 1 (1972), S. 507-516 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Acetic acid ; dissociation constant ; N methylpropionamide ; nonaqueous solvents ; solute-solvent interactions ; weak acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The dissociation constant of acetic acid in N-methylpropionamide (NMP) has been determined at 11 temperatures from 5 to 55°C by measurement of the electromotive force of cells without liquid junction containing hydrogen gas electrodes and silver-silver chloride electrodes. The pK at 25°C was found to be 7.995 (molal scale) as compared with 4.756 in water; thus, acetic acid is much weaker in NMP than in water despite the higher dielectric constant of the nonaqueous solvent (176 as compared with 78.3 at 25°C). The standard changes of enthalpy and entropy for the dissociation of acetic acid were calculated from the temperature coefficient of pK, and thermodynamic functions for the transfer dissociation process were obtained. The weakness of acetic acid in NMP is discussed in terms of electrostatic effects and solute-solvent interactions.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 2 (1973), S. 173-191 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Calcium bromide ; calcium chloride ; hydration of ions ; hydrochloric acid ; lithium bromide ; lithium chloride ; osmotic coefficient ; perchloric acid ; potassium hydroxide ; sodium chloride ; sodium hydroxide ; solvation of ions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A stepwise hydration-equilibrium model for aqueous electrolytes is developed and shown to give a good quantitative account of osmotic coefficients of strong, highly soluble electrolytes up to concentrations of 20–30 m. The main parameters needed are two equilibrium constants describing the stepwise hydration and the number of hydration sites. Choice of ion-size parameter has only a minor effect.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 6 (1977), S. 385-392 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficient ; electrolytes ; mixed ; Harned coefficients ; hydrochloric acid ; mixed electrolyte solutions ; sodium chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electromotive-force measurements of the cell $$Pt;H_2 \left( {g,1{\text{ }}atm} \right)|HCl\left( {{\text{m}}_A } \right),NaCl\left( {{\text{m}}_B } \right)|AgCl;Ag$$ have been made at temperatures between 5 and 45°C at values ofm A+m B of 0.1, 0.3809, 0.6729, and 0.8720 mole-kg−1. The activity coefficients of HCl in HCl/NaCl mixtures and the Harned coefficients α12 have been obtained. The change of α12 with total molality is consistent with the existence of binary interactions between H+ and Na+ ions. The linear variation of the relative partial molal heat content with the fraction of NaCl in the mixture suggests that an analog of the Harned rule exists for this thermodynamic quantity.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 7 (1978), S. 339-347 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Isopiestic ; sodium chloride ; strontium chloride ; salt mixtures ; mixed electrolytes ; Pitzer theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Isopiestic measurements have been made on NaCl−SrCl2 mixtures at 25°C over the ionic strength range 0.6–6 mole-kg−1. The results are interpreted in terms of current mixed-electrolyte treatments. The mixing behavior in this system is comparatively simple, but the Pitzer treatment is still clearly superior to the other treatments.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 7 (1978), S. 631-638 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Association of ions ; conductivity ; dissociation ; ionization ; ion pairing ; nonaqueous solvents ; propylene carbonate ; solute-solvent effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Conductance measurements of 12 quaternary ammonium salts in propylene carbonate (PC) have been made at 25°C. The cations were either tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, or tetra-n-butylammonium, and the concentrations of salt varied from about 2×10−4 to 5×10−3 M. The data were analyzed by the equation of Pitts. The results showed that the benzoate, nitrobenzoate, and pentachlorophenolate salts are completely dissociated. The nitrophenolate, chlorophenolate, methylsulfonate, and nitrate salts are only slightly associated (K A from 2.5 to 6.5), while the acetate, phenylacetate, and nitrophenolate salts display somewhat more extensive association, with ionpair association constants from 17 to 45. Limiting molar conductances for the anions were derived. The factors affecting ionic mobilities in this dipolar aprotic solvent are discussed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 9 (1980), S. 449-454 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficient ; electrolytes ; mixed ; Harned coefficient ; hydrochloric acid ; mixed electrolyte solutions ; sodium chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Harned coefficient measures the effect of an added electrolyte on the activity coefficient of another electrolyte. It is composite, depending partly on properties of solutions containing only one electrolyte and partly on the magnitude of a coefficient characteristic of interaction between two like charged ions in the mixed electrolyte solution. From the meager data available, the latter coefficient depends little upon temperature. The consequences of assuming temperature independence are discussed.
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