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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen-15 balances for urea and neem coated urea applied to lowland rice following two cowpea cropping systems (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 120 (1989), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: added nitrogen interaction ; green manure ; 15N ; N loss ; neem ; nitrate ; nitrogen ; Oryza sativa L. ; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Little is known about whether the high N losses from inorganic N fertilizers applied to lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) are affected by the combined use of either legume green manure or residue with N fertilizers. Field experiments were conducted in 1986 and 1987 on an Andaqueptic Haplaquoll in the Philippines to determine the effect of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cropping systems before rice on the fate and use efficiency of15N-labeled, urea and neem cake (Azadirachta indica Juss.) coated urea (NCU) applied to the subsequent transplanted lowland rice crop. The pre-rice cropping systems were fallow, cowpea incorporated at the flowering stage as a green manure, and cowpea grown to maturity with subsequent incorporation of residue remaining after grain and pod removal. The incorporated green manure contained 70 and 67 kg N ha−1 in 1986 and 1987, respectively. The incorporated residue contained 54 and 49 kg N ha−1 in 1986 and 1987, respectively. The unrecovered15N in the15N balances for 58 kg N ha−1 applied as urea or NCU ranged from 23 to 34% but was not affected by pre-rice cropping system. The partial pressure of ammoniapNH3, and floodwater (nitrate + nitrite)-N following application of 29 kg N ha−1 as urea or NCU to 0.05-m-deep floodwater at 14 days after transplanting was not affected by pre-rice cropping system. In plots not fertilized with urea or NCU, green manure contributed an extra 12 and 26 kg N ha−1, to mature rice plants in 1986 and 1987, respectively. The corresponding contributions from residue were 19 and 23 kg N ha−1, respectively. Coating urea with 0.2g neem cake per g urea had no effect on loss of urea-N in either year; however, it significantly increased grain yield (0.4 Mg ha−1) and total plant N (11 kg ha−1) in 1987 but not in 1986.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02377073
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen contribution of cowpea green manure and residue to upland rice (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 142 (1992), S. 53-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: neem ; N fertilizer ; nitrate ; Oryza sativa L. ; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., is well adapted to acid upland soil and can be grown for seed, green manure, and fodder production. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted on an Aeric Tropaqualf in the Philippines to determine the effect of cowpea management practice on the response of a subsequent upland rice crop to applied urea. Cowpea was grown to flowering and incorporated as a green manure or grown to maturity with either grain and pods removed or all aboveground vegetation removed before sowing rice. Cowpea green manure accumulated on average 68 kg N ha−1, and aboveground residue after harvest of dry pods contained on average 46 kg N ha−1. Compared with a pre-rice fallow, cowpea green manure and residue increased grain yield of upland rice by 0.7 Mg ha−1 when no urea was applied to rice. Green manure and residue substituted for 66 and 70 kg urea-N ha−1 on upland rice, respectively. In the absence of urea, green manure and residue increased total aboveground N in mature rice by 12 and 14 kg N ha−1, respectively. These increases corresponded to plant recoveries of 13% for applied green manure N and 24% for applied residue N. At 15 d after sowing rice (DAS), 33% of the added green manure N and 16% of the added residue N was recovered as soil (nitrate + ammonium)-N. At 30 DAS, the corresponding recoveries were 20 and 37% for green manure N and residue N, respectively. Cowpea cropping with removal of all aboveground cowpea vegetation slightly increased (p〈0.05) soil (nitrate + ammonium)-N at 15 DAS as compared with the pre-rice fallow, but it did not increase rice yield. Cowpea residue remaining after harvest of dry pods can be an effective N source for a subsequent upland rice crop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010174
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