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  • monoterpene emission  (1)
  • nonmethane hydrocarbons  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC): An Overview on Emission, Physiology and Ecology (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 33 (1999), S. 23-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: nonmethane hydrocarbons ; volatile organic compounds ; terpenes ; isoprene ; oxygenated compounds ; alkanes ; alkenes ; carbonyls ; acids ; esters ; emission ; physiology ; ecology ; emission inventories ; review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This overview compiles the actual knowledge of the biogenic emissions of some volatile organic compounds (VOCs), i.e., isoprene, terpenes, alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, esters, carbonyls, and acids. We discuss VOC biosynthesis, emission inventories, relations between emission and plant physiology as well as temperature and radiation, and ecophysiological functions. For isoprene and monoterpenes, an extended summary of standard emission factors, with data related to the plant genus and species, is included. The data compilation shows that we have quite a substantial knowledge of the emission of isoprene and monoterpenes, including emission rates, emission regulation, and biosynthesis. The situation is worse in the case of numerous other compounds (other VOCs or OVOCs) being emitted by the biosphere. This is reflected in the insufficient knowledge of emission rates and biological functions. Except for the terpenoids, only a limited number of studies of OVOCs are available; data are summarized for alkanes, alkenes, carbonyls, alcohols, acids, and esters. In addition to closing these gaps of knowledge, one of the major objectives for future VOC research is improving our knowledge of the fate of organic carbon in the atmosphere, ending up in oxidation products and/or as aerosol particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006127516791
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal Variation in Amount and Composition of Monoterpenes Emitted by Young Pinus pinea Trees – Implications for Emission Modeling (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 35 (2000), S. 77-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: monoterpene emission ; Mediterranean pine ; seasonal variation ; light ; temperature ; algorithms ; model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Current inventories of terpenes released from vegetation consider only the short-term influences of light and temperature on emissions to simulate temporal variation during the year. We studied whole canopy emissions from young Pinus pinea during a 15-month enclosure in greenhouse chambers and examined data for other long-term influences. Mean daytime emission rates strongly increased during spring, reached an annual maximum of ≈ 200 pmol m−2 total needle area s−1 (1.1 μg g−1 leaf dry weight h−1) between mid June and mid August, strongly declined in fall and reached an annual minimum of ≈ 1 pmol m−2 s−1 (0.006 μg g−1 h−1) between January and February. Normalization to standard temperature and light conditions did not change the annual time course of emissions, but reduced summer to winter ratio from a factor of 200 to about 45. Seasonal variation was characterized also by changes in terpene composition: among the six main compounds, three (t-β-ocimene, linalool, 1.8-cineol) were exclusively emitted during sunlit hours in the main vegetation period, whereas the other (limonene, α-pinene, myrcene) were emitted day and night and throughout the seasons. The results suggest that different terpene sources in P. pinea foliage exist and that a great part of the annual emission course observed here results from seasonal influences on these sources. A global model to simulate plant emissions is proposed, which accounts for seasonal influences on emissions in addition to the short-term effects of temperature and light. The model is tested on field data and discussed for its general application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006233010748
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