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  • two-phase alloys  (11)
  • mixed gas  (3)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The transition from the formation of mixed scales to the selective oxidation of the most-reactive component in the corrosion of single and two-phase binary alloys (1993)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 40 (1993), S. 373-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: selective oxidation ; binary alloys ; two-phase alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The conditions for the transition from the formation of mixed scales to the exclusive oxidation of the component B, forming the most stable oxide, are examined for both single-phase and two-phase binary A-B alloys by taking into account the displacement of the alloy-scale interface due to the growth of the protective oxide. This procedure eliminates the inconsistencies arising from Wagner's classical treatment for single-phase alloys when the interdiffusion coefficient in the alloy is small with respect to the parabolic rate constant for outer-scale growth; but the same procedure leads to a significantly-improved treatment also for two-phase alloys. For the latter systems, the transition is shown to depend also on the solubility of B in the A-rich phase.Moreover, the exclusive growth of the most-stable oxide is more difficult than for single-phase alloys because it requires higher average concentrations of B in the alloy and may even become impossible if the parabolic rate constant of oxidation is large with respect to the interdiffusion coefficient in the alloy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00664498
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The steady-State corrosion kinetics of two-phase binary alloys forming the most-stable oxide (1996)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 46 (1996), S. 383-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: high temperatures ; binary alloys ; two-phase alloys ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The steady-state kinetics in the high-temperature oxidation of binary A-B alloys containing a mixture of the conjugated solid solutions of B in A (alpha phase) and A in B (beta phase) with exclusive formation of the most-stable oxide BOv have been examined, assuming that the external scale grows on top of a subsurface layer of alpha phase. The results obtained are compared with the corresponding behavior of alloys which are single phase in the whole range of composition. Under identical values of all the parameters involved the concentration of B at the alloy-scale interface is smaller for two-phase than for single-phase alloys under the same concentration of B in the alloy as a result of the restricted flux of B through the alpha-phase layer. As a consequence of this, the two-phase alloys corrode more slowly than single-phase alloys and this difference increases as the solubility of B in the alpha phase decreases. Finally, the simultaneous formation of BOv both externally and as internal oxide is more likely for two-phase than for single-phase materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048637
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The air oxidation of two-phase Cu-Ag alloys at 650–750°C (1997)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 47 (1997), S. 21-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: copper ; silver ; high temperature ; oxidation ; two-phase alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The corrosion of three two phase Cu-Ag alloys containing 25, 50, and 75 wt% Ag has been studied at 650 and 750°C. In all cases the alloys formed external scales of copper oxides. At the same time, an internal precipitation of Cu2O within a silver matrix was also produced, with an oxide volume fraction larger for the alloys richer in Cu. Beneath this mixed layer a region of single-phase solid solution of Cu in silver formed for Cu-50Ag and especially for Cu-75Ag. Silver metal remained in the metal-consumption zone, acting essentially as an inert marker, except for a few particles with were incorporated into the growing scales. Both pure Cu and the alloys corroded parabolically, but the rate constants for the alloys decreased with increased Ag content under constant temperature. The various aspects of the corrosion of these alloys are examined by taking into account the possible effects associated with the presence of two metal phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01682370
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The internal oxidation of two-phase binary alloys beneath an external scale of the less-stable oxide (1997)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 47 (1997), S. 355-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: internal oxidation ; binary alloys ; two-phase alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The internal oxidation of two phase binary A-B alloys by a single oxidant at high temperatures, under partial pressures sufficient to also form external scales of the less-stable oxide, is examined by means of quantitative models and compared with the corresponding behavior of single-phase alloys. It is shown that, depending on various factors, particularly on the solubility and diffusivity of the most-reactive component B in the most-noble component A, this process may or may not involve a diffusion process of the alloy components, leading to different scale morphologies. It is also concluded that even when the solubility and diffusivity of B in A are sufficiently high, so that the internal oxidation of the common type occurs, the restriction to the diffusion of B in the alloy due to its limited solubility affects the kinetics of internal oxidation, producing an increase of the rate of internal oxidation and of the critical concentration of B in the alloy required for the transition to the external oxidation of B with respect to single-phase alloys under the same values of all the relevant parameters. The lower the solubility of B in A, the larger these effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01668518
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