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  • forest floor  (1)
  • nitrogen  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of soil calcium status in red spruce forests in the northeastern United States (1997)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 38 (1997), S. 19-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: atmospheric deposition ; calcium ; forest floor ; forest soils ; red spruce
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Long-term changes in concentrations of available Ca in soils of redspruce forests have been documented, but remaining questions aboutthe magnitude and regional extent of these changes have precluded anassessment of the current and future status of soil Ca. To addressthis problem, soil samples were collected in 1992—93from 12 sites in New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine toprovide additional data necessary to synthesize all availableresearch results on soil Ca in red spruce forests. Sites werechosen to encompass the range of environmental conditionsexperienced by red spruce. Concentrations of exchangeableCa ranged from 2.13 to 21.6 cmolckg−1 in the Oa horizon, and from 0.11 to 0.68cmolc kg−1 in the upper 10 cm of theB horizon. These measurements expanded the range of exchangeable Ca reported in the literature for both horizons in northeastern redspruce forests. Exchangeable Ca was the largest Ca fraction in theforest floor at most sites (92% ofacid-extractableCa), but mineral Ca was the largest fraction at the three sites that also had the highest mineral-matter concentrations. Theprimary factor causing variability in Ca concentrations among siteswas the mineralogy of parent material, but exchangeable concentrationsin the B horizon of all sites were probably reduced by acidicdeposition. Because the majority of Ca in the forest floor isin a readily leachable form, and Ca inputs to the forest floor from the mineral soil and atmospheric deposition have beendecreasing in recent decades, the previously documented decreasesin Ca concentrations in the forest floor over previous decades mayextend into the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005790130253
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atmospheric deposition and watershed nitrogen export along an elevational gradient in the Catskill Mountains, New York (2000)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 50 (2000), S. 21-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: acid deposition ; atmospheric deposition ; nitrate ; nitrification ; nitrogen ; soil carbon ; soil chemistry ; stream water acidification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Cumulative effects of atmospheric N deposition mayincrease N export from watersheds and contribute tothe acidification of surface waters, but naturalfactors (such as forest productivity and soildrainage) that affect forest N cycling can alsocontrol watershed N export. To identify factors thatare related to stream-water export of N, elevationalgradients in atmospheric deposition and naturalprocesses were evaluated in a steep, first-orderwatershed in the Catskill Mountains of New York, from1991 to 1994. Atmospheric deposition of SO 4 2− , andprobably N, increased with increasing elevation withinthis watershed. Stream-water concentrations ofSO 4 2− increased with increasing elevationthroughout the year, whereas stream-waterconcentrations of NO 3 − decreased withincreasing elevation during the winter and springsnowmelt period, and showed no relation with elevationduring the growing season or the fall. Annual exportof N in stream water for the overall watershed equaled12% to 17% of the total atmospheric input on thebasis of two methods of estimation. This percentagedecreased with increasing elevation, from about 25%in the lowest subwatershed to 7% in the highestsubwatershed; a probable result of an upslope increasein the thickness of the surface organic horizon,attributable to an elevational gradient in temperaturethat slows decomposition rates at upper elevations. Balsam fir stands, more prevalent at upper elevationsthan lower elevations, may also affect the gradient ofsubwatershed N export by altering nitrification ratesin the soil. Variations in climate and vegetationmust be considered to determine how future trends inatmospheric deposition will effect watershed export ofnitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006332230890
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