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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding behaviour and reproductive biology of Colorado potato beetle adults fed transgenic potatoes expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3B endotoxin (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 95 (2000), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis ; Colorado potato beetle ; fitness ; Cry3 toxin ; feeding behaviour ; reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) adult longevity and fecundity were studied on transgenic potato clones expressing a Cry3B endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Adult longevity and fitness were studied for the first 3 weeks after emergence. Beetle reproductive biology on highly resistant clones, intermediary resistant clones and control potato plants was monitored by dissecting females after 7–15 days of feeding and also by analysing haemolymph protein content after 3 days of feeding. Feeding behaviour on transgenic plants expressing high toxin concentrations and on control plants was monitored individually for 36 newly emerged adult beetles feeding on leaf disks during the first two meals. Lethal Time50 for adult beetles feeding on transgenic clones as the sole source of food was not significantly shorter than for beetles on control clones reared in a growth chamber. Differences tended to be larger when the experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a less optimal temperature range (LT50 = 9.52 and 10.45 days for two transgenic clones and 13.86 for control). In contrast, female egg production on transgenic plants was almost totally inhibited. Dissection studies indicated that adult males living on high-level Bt-expressing transgenic potatoes were still able to mate and produce mobile sperm, but the females were impaired in their reproductive ability since their ovaries were generally not fully developed. An examination of the haemolymph revealed the protein concentration in females living on transgenic plants to be dramatically reduced (≅ 50%), and electrophoresis showed a reduced content of vitellogenin in these samples. Feeding behaviour of adult Colorado potato beetles was not affected by the different food plants; this indicates that transgenic potato plants were readily accepted as host plants by beetles. The effects of these findings on the use of transgenic plants as a means of L. decemlineata control are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003961817187
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parasitoid-plant mutualism: parasitoid attack of herbivore increases plant reproduction (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 97 (2000), S. 219-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: tritrophic interactions ; infochemicals ; mutualism ; parasitization ; fitness ; regrowth ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Pieris rapae ; Cotesia rubecula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We tested whether a plant's life time seed production is increased by parasitization of herbivores in a tritrophic system, Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) plants, Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) caterpillars and the solitary endoparasitoid Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We established seed production for intact A. thaliana plants, plants that were mechanically damaged, plants fed upon by parasitized caterpillars and plants fed upon by unparasitized caterpillars. In the first experiment, with ecotype Landsberg (erecta mutant), herbivory by unparasitized P. rapae caterpillars resulted in a strongly reduced seed production compared to undamaged plants. In contrast, damage by P. rapae caterpillars that had been parasitized by C. rubecula did not result in a significant reduction in seed production. For the second experiment with the ecotype Columbia, the results were identical. Plants damaged by unparasitized caterpillars only produced seeds on regrown shoots. Seed production of plants that had been mechanically damaged was statistically similar to that of undamaged plants. Production of the first ripe siliques by plants fed upon by unparasitized caterpillars was delayed by 18–22 days for Landsberg and 9–10 days for Columbia. We conclude that parasitization of P. rapae by C. rubecula potentially confers a considerable fitness benefit for A. thaliana plants when compared to plants exposed to feeding damage by unparasitized P. rapae larvae. Plants that attract parasitoids and parasitoids that respond to herbivore-induced plant volatiles will both experience selective advantage, justifying the use of the term mutualism for this parasitoid-plant interaction. This type of mutualism is undoubtedly very common in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004032225239
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