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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting relationships between psychological constructs and genetic characters: An analysis of changing genetic influences on activity in mice (1986)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 16 (1986), S. 201-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Mus musculus ; activity ; exploration ; development ; ecological niche ; gene x environment interaction ; genetic correlations ; genetic dominance ; psychological constructs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Psychological constructs involving genetic characters can be of two types. The first type involves behavioral characters in which a score in a given direction should consistently confer a selective advantage on an organism across environments and age. Behavioral measurements taken in different situations should show low additive genetic correlations but similar patterns of directional dominance. A composite score summed across many measures representing the construct should show a high proportion of nonadditive genetic variance. Type 2 constructs involve behavior patterns in which high scores confer a selective advantage in some circumstances and a disadvantage in others. Behaviors representing such constructs should be characterized by high additive genetic correlations, suggesting a common set of genes influencing the behaviors at different ages or in different environments. The direction of nonadditive genetic effects should differ in accordance with optimal behavior levels in each test situation. Activity levels of housemice are shown to fit the model of a type 2 construct. Most measures used in human behavior genetics probably also reflect type 2 constructs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065486
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A threshold model for vocalization to handling inMus domesticus (1988)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 18 (1988), S. 571-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Mus domesticus ; house mice ; vocalization ; diallel analysis ; genetic dominance ; threshold model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Rates of vocalization in response to experimenter handling were assessed in eight inbred parent strains and their F1 crosses. Use of a stimulation level greater than that previously used by Whitney and a normalizing transformation of response rates provided evidence for a threshold-of-response model for vocalization. The diallel analysis indicated that a simple additive-dominance model fit the normalized data well. Substantial additive genetic variance and incomplete dominance favoring vocalization to handling were observed. Vocalization rates of recently domesticated wild-trapped mice did not differ from the diallel average, nor was there a strong relationship between vocalization rates of the strains tested and other assessments of wildness or temperament reported for these strains. Taken together, Whitney's work and the present data provide an extended testing environment for the vocalization response, producing a more comprehensive picture of the genetic architecture of the response than is possible from either study alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082309
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of an avoidance-avoidance response inMus domesticus (1989)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 19 (1989), S. 387-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Mus domesticus ; housemice ; avoidance ; diallel analysis ; genetic variance ; heritability ; genetic dominance ; developmental buffering ; heterosis ; heterozygote advantage ; behavioral homeostasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Latency to leave a lighted platform and enter a novel chamber in which other mice had received shock was measured in 2592 mice from eight inbred strains and all 56 F 1 crosses. An analysis of the diallel matrix indicated a clear genetic architecture, although genetic effects accounted for only 10% of the total phenotypic variance. Dominance favoring a slight delay in chamber entry suggested a selective advantage in spending a longer time on some elements in the behavioral chain involved in avoidance-avoidance responses. Inbred strains showed greater litter variance than F 1 hybrids, suggesting greater developmental buffering of heterozygotes. Both the genetic architecture and the strain rankings differ from those typically found in open field and similar tests of locomotor activity. The results illustrate the problem of interpreting behavior genetic results in terms of proportions of total phenotypic variance and difficulties in generalizing to ancestral or other populations in an attempt to interpret genetic results in an evolutionary context when reliability is low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066166
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpreting studies that compare high- and low-selected lines on new characters (1989)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 19 (1989), S. 473-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: selected lines ; artificial selection ; strain differences ; genetic correlations ; genetic drift
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The attempt to characterize high- and low-selected lines on new variables poses serious interpretative problems when replicate lines are not available. Modest but significant line differences on new measures may be due to genetic drift totally irrelevant to the originally selected trait. Often these differences are exaggerated by inappropriate analysis using individual subject measurements rather than family means. Mean differences in high- and low-selected lines on new characters should not be ascribed to the originally selected trait unless (1) genetic drift can be estimated through the use of replicate lines, (2) the standardized mean difference exceeds 1/4 of the equivalent difference on the original selected trait, or (3) strong predictions involving multiple noncontingent measures are unconditionally supported. For most purposes of analysis, line means can be considered individual data points which can be used to compute correlations among measures. An alternative to selection with replicates—two-stage testing of commercially available inbred strains—should be considered when large genetic correlations between the characters are expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066250
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic influences on behavior of infantMus domesticus: A comparison of results from diallels derived from single and multiple populations (1989)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 19 (1989), S. 551-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Mus domesticus ; housemice ; infant behavior ; diallel analysis ; genetic variance ; heritability ; genetic dominance ; fitness ; domestication ; heterosis ; heterozygote advantage ; selection ; evolution ; ecological niche
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract A complete diallel cross was generated from six Jax inbred strains ofMus domesticus from diverse origins and a second 6×6 diallel generated from strains derived from a single wild population. During their second day of life, infants from both diallels were tested for latency to orient toward and root beneath mothers and, in a separate test, for latency to attach to mother's nipple. Rooting latency showed a significant additive maternal strain effect but little systematic effect of pup genotype. Nipple attachment latencies exhibited complete genetic dominance favoring rapid attachment, with no maternal effects. Patterns of genetic and environmental influences obtained from the two diallels were highly similar for both behaviors, suggesting that for many traits the requirement that strains be drawn from a common base population may be relaxed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066254
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelasticity of Anionic Polymers and Their Mucociliary Transport on the Frog Palate (1993)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 10 (1993), S. 411-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: anionic polymer ; rheology ; nonaqueous solvent ; frog palate ; mucociliary transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of formulation variables on the rheology of polyanionic formulations and the relationships between viscoelastic properties and mucociliary transport rate were investigated. Polymeric samples were oscillated from 0.001 to 5 Hz using either a "cone and plate” or a "coaxial cylinder” measuring system. The mucociliary transport rates of polymeric samples were determined and compared movement of charcoal powder on the frog palate. For the linear polymeric solutions, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate, the elastic modulus (G′) increased with increasing amplitudes during frequency scan. However, the G′ or viscous modulus (G″) of partially cross-linked polyacrylic acid (cPAA) samples did not change significantly under oscillation. Both G′ and G″ of cPAA samples were significantly influenced by the amount of salt present in the formulation. The rheology of 2% (w/w) cPAA in 90:10 (w/w) propylene glycol:alcohol changed from a viscous fluid to a coarse suspension after neutralization. The pH increased gradually when the nonaqueous formulation reacted with water and the maximum dynamic moduli were obtained after incorporating 20% (w/w) water in the formulation. A negative correlation was found between the G′ of linear polyanionic samples and the relative transport rate. However, the lowest mucociliary transport rate was observed when the loss tangent (G″/G′) was around 0.4–0.5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018944507303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Rheological Properties in Mucociliary Transport by Frog Palate Ciliated Model (1994)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 11 (1994), S. 1785-1791 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: viscoelastic property ; mucociliary transport ; frog palate ; theoretical modeling of mucociliary transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of viscoelastic properties on mucociliary transport rate was investigated using the frog palate ciliated model. Mucociliary transportability of several hydrophilic polymeric gels with widely different viscoelastic characteristics were tested on the frog palate mucociliary model. An apparent negative relationship is observed between the relative transport rate (TR) and storage (G1) or loss (G2) modulus. However, a minimum in relative transport rate is observed at an apparent loss tangent (tan δ) value of between 0.7 and 0.9. A theoretical model for mucociliary transport is presented. The model predicted a minimum in transport rate at tan δ equal to 1.74 after adjustment for primary variation due to storage modulus (G1) which is in agreement with the observed frog palate transport rate. The model isolates the loss tangent (tan δ) and the magnitude of the complex modulus (|G*|) as the important viscoelastic parameters for mucociliary transport. Optimum rheological characteristics with respect to slow transport rate can be achieved by using hydrophilic polymer gels with a large complex modulus and simultaneously with a loss tangent equal to 1.74.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018927719656
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dominance for large brains in laboratory mice (1979)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 9 (1979), S. 45-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: diallel analysis ; directional dominance ; selection ; mice ; enriched environment ; brain weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract In terms of the total genetic variance attributable to additive and dominance effects in laboratory-reared mice, the results of the diallel study of Hahn and Haber and that of Henderson are quite similar. Variance due to directional dominance toward large brains is considerably less for laboratory cage-reared animals in both studies than for mice reared in enriched environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067120
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