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  • crystalline  (5)
  • glass transition temperature  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinked liquid crystal polymers from liquid crystal monomers: Synthesis and mechanical properties (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 183-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: smectic ; liquid crystal ; acrylate ; biphenol mesogen ; glass transition temperature ; density ; crosslinked ; photopolymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Difunctional acrylates and methacrylate monomers have been made which are high order smectic liquid crystal (or crystalline) at room temperature. This report discusses materials with the following structure: F-S-M-S-F, where F is a functional group, acrylate or methacrylate (A or M); S is a spacer (CH2)n(n), and M is a mesogen - in this case 4,4′-dioxybiphenyl (B). They are codified as BnA or BnM where n is the number of methylenes in the spacer. High conversion with high Tg can be obtained when polymerizing in the smectic state because the reactive end groups are concentrated in a small volume and can react well with little or no diffusion. B2A, B3A, B6A, B11A, and B3M were polymerized in the smectic state and compared to polymers made at temperatures where the monomers were isotropic. High conversion was obtained below final Tg - even then, probably because the polymers were ordered. All the polymers were studied by WAXD and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. Solid-state NMR on B3A showed that there was very high conversion of the double bonds at all temperatures. B3A photopolymerized in the smectic state (60-76°C) produced a crystalline polymer with Tg = 185°C (1 Hz). When photopolymerized at 85°C, above the isotropization temperature (Ti), a poorly organized polymer was obtained with a Tg of 155°C (1 Hz). Monomers with an odd number of methylene groups as spacers were crystalline after polymerization. With an even number of methylene groups, they lost most of their crystallinity on polymerization below Ti, but retained a low order smectic structure. Similar structures were obtained with all the monomers when they were polymerized above Ti. There was little effect of polymerization temperature on Tg when the spacers had an even number of methylene groups. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310122
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(N-acyl or N-aroyl ethylenimines) containing various pendant functional groups. III. Copolymers with pendant epoxy and imidazole groups (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 2701-2709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oxazolines ; copolymers ; poly(N-acylethylenimines) ; olefin ; pendant ; epoxy ; imidazole ; surface properties ; anticorrosion ; coatings ; epoxidation ; DSC ; WAXD ; crystalline ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(N-acylethylenimines) with epoxy or imidazole groups randomly attached to the end of the side chains were synthesized from decenyl/heptyl oxazoline random copolymers. They are named as DH(m/n)-epoxy and DH(m/n)-imidazole, respectively, and the starting polymers are named as DH(m/n), where m and n represent the calculated numbers of monomers with and without epoxy or imidazole groups. The DH(m/n)-epoxy polymers with 20-60 mol % of epoxy crystallize two dimensionally with crystalline polymethylene plane separated by amorphous epoxy groups. The DH(m/n)-imidazole polymers are difficult to crystallize due to the strong interaction between the bulky imidazole group and amide group. Though the imidazole containing polymers are difficult to crystallize, they are good anticorrosion coatings as demonstrated by a preliminary anticorrosion test of the DH(20/80)-imidazole polymer on electrogalvanized steel, zinc/nickel electroplated steel, and hot dipped galvanized steel. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(N-acyl or N-aroyl ethylenimines) containing various pendant functional groups. I. Copolymers with pendant olefin groups (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 2679-2688 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oxazolines ; copolymers ; poly(N-acylethylenimines) ; olefin ; allyl ; pendant ; DSC ; WAXD ; crystalline ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Decenyl (D) and heptyl (H) oxazolines were copolymerized in o-dichlorobenzene solvent using methyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate as an initiator. A series of decenyl/heptyl oxazolines random copolymers (or DH copolymers) with a total degree of polymerization of 100 and narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained. These copolymers are considered as the poly(N-acylethylenimine)s with allyl pendant groups randomly attached to the far end of their polymethylene, (SINGLE BOND)(CH2)7(SINGLE BOND), side chains. The polymers were characterized by NMR, FT-IR. Both DSC and x-ray diffractometer demonstrated that the polymers are highly crystalline. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(N-acyl or N-aroyl ethylenimines) containing various pendant functional groups. V. Random copolymers of 4-allyloxy and 4-methoxy phenyl oxazolines and their adducts with mercaptoacetic acid (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 2719-2727 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oxazolines ; poly(N-acylethylenimines) ; poly(N-aroylethylenimines) ; copolymers ; allyloxy ; methoxyphenyl ; carboxyl ; mercaptoacetic acid ; pendant ; DSC ; WAXD ; crystalline ; surface properties ; adhesion ; anticorrosion ; coatings ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4-Methoxyphenyl oxazoline (MPO) was synthesized from 4-methoxybenzonitrile and ethanolamine by using cadmium acetate as a catalyst. 4-Allyloxy phenyl oxazoline (APO) was synthesized from 4-allyloxybenzonitrile, which was made from 4-cyanophenol. A series of random copolymers of APO and MPO over the whole composition range, with an approximate degree of polymerization of 100, were synthesized. They are named as PAM(m/n), where m and n are the total number of APO and MPO monomer units. All the polymers are crystalline and show birefringence. Their melting points decrease with the increase of mole fraction of MPO, from 240°C for PAM(100/0) to 199°C for PAM(20/80), and then increase to 226°C for PAM(0/100). We reacted mercaptoacetic acid with the PAM(m/n) copolymers to generate polar groups that could strongly bond with metal surfaces. They are named as PAM(m/n)-SCH2COOH, which correspond to their starting PAM(m/n) copolymers. They were characterized by NMR, DSC, hot stage melting, water contact angle, peel strength measurements, and some preliminary anticorrosion tests on cold-rolled steel, electrogalvanized steel, and Zi/Ni electroplated steel. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of poly(oxyethylene)s containing thioether, sulfoxide, or sulfone groups (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 793-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(oxyethylene) ; thioether ; sulfoxide ; sulfone ; copolymer ; solubility ; glass transition temperature ; substitution ; oxidation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly[oxy(ethylthiomethyl)ethylene] (ETE) was prepared from poly[oxy (chloromethyl)ethylene] (CE) by reaction with sodium ethanethiolate. Sulfoxide and sulfone analogues were synthesized by oxidation of the poly[oxy(ethylthiomethyl)ethylene]. By changing the chloromethyl/sodium ethanethiolate ratio, poly[oxy (chloromethyl)ethylene-co-oxy(ethylthiomethyl)ethylene] (CE-ETEs) were easily made. Poly[oxy(ethylsulfinylmethyl)ethylene] (ESXE), poly[oxy(chloromethyl)ethylene-co-oxy(ethylsulfinylmethyl)ethylene] (CE-ESXEs), poly[oxy(ethylsulfonylmethyl)ethylene] (ESE), and poly[oxy(chloromethyl)ethylene-co-oxy(ethylsulfonylmethyl)ethylene] (CE-ESEs) were obtained by oxidation of ETE or CE-ETEs. There was little if any chain degradation. The (co)polymer structures were confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopic studies. Their thermal properties were studied by DSC and TGA. Tgs of ETE, ESXE, and ESE were -57, 36, and 57°C, respectively, and Td,os (initial decomposition temperature, TGA) were 331, 198, and 308°C, respectively. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 793-801, 1998
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxyethylene copolymers with chloromethyl and (alkylthio)methyl or (alkylsulfonyl)methyl side groups: Syntheses and Tg/composition relationships (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 495-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: copolymer ; glass transition temperature ; Fox equation ; sulfone ; thioether ; oxyethylene ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New classes of copolymers, poly[oxy(chloromethyl)ethylene]/poly[oxy-((alkylthio)methyl)ethylene] copolymers (CE-ATEs), poly[oxy((alkylthio)methyl)-ethylene]s (ATEs), poly[oxy(chloromethyl)ethylene]/poly[oxy((alkylsulfonyl)meth-yl)ethylene] copolymers (CE-ASEs), and poly[oxy((alkylsulfonyl)methyl)ethylene]s (ASEs) have been made for the first time. The thioether-containing polymers (CE-ATEs and ATEs) were synthesized by reacting poly[oxy(chloromethyl)ethylene] (CE, poly(epichlorohydrin)) with different amounts of sodium alkanethiolates. The sulfone-containing polymers (CE-ASEs and ASEs) were synthesized by oxidizing the CE-ATEs and ATEs using m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. The Fox equation, a linear relationship, fit the Tg/composition data for most CE-ATEs. The Tg's of the CE-ASEs showed positive deviations from those calculated using the Fox equation. The Johnston equation, in which steric and/or polar interactions between dissimilar monomeric units are considered by using TgAB (the Tg of the AB or BA dyad), fit the Tg/composition data for all copolymers in this study. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 495-504, 1998
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(urethane-sulfone)s (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1531-1537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: 1,3-bis(3 hydroxy propyl sulfonyl)propane ; 1,4-bis(3-hydroxypropyl sulfonyl)butane ; 1,3-propane dithiol ; 1,4-butane dithiol ; poly(urethane) ; poly sulfone ; methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) ; toluene diisocyanate (TDI) ; hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) ; melt temperature ; glass transition temperature ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eight poly(urethane-sulfone)s were synthesized from two sulfone-containing diols, 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl)propane (Diol-333) and 1,4-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl)butane (Diol-343), and three diisocyanates, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and tolylene diisocyanate (TDI, 2,4- 80%; 2,6-20%). As a comparison, eight polyurethanes were also synthesized from two alkanediols, 1,9-nonanediol and 1,10-decanediol, and three diisocyanates. Diol-333 and Diol-343 were prepared by the addition of 1,3-propanedithiol or 1,4-butanedithiol to allyl alcohol and subsequent oxidation of the resulting sulfide-containing diols. The homopoly(urethanesulfone)s from HMDI and MDI are semicrystalline, and are soluble in m-cresol and hot DMF, DMAC, and DMSO. The copoly(urethane-sulfone)s from a 1/1 molar ratio mixture of Diol-333 and Diol-343 with HMDI or MDI have lower crystallinity and better solubility than the corresponding homopoly(urethane-sulfone)s. The poly(urethane-sulfone)s from TDI are amorphous, and are readily soluble in m-cresol, DMF, DMAC, and DMSO at room temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry data showed that poly(urethane-sulfone)s have higher glass transition temperatures and melting points than the corresponding polyurethanes without sulfone groups. The rise in glass transition temperature is 20-25°C while the rise in melting temperature is 46-71°C. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320813
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(N-acyl or N-aroyl ethylenimines) containing various pendant functional groups. IV. Poly (N-aroylethylenimines) with allyloxy and 3-hydroxy propyloxy groups (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 2711-2717 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oxazolines ; poly(N-acylethylenimines) ; poly(N-aroylethylenimines) ; pendant ; copolymers ; allyloxy ; hydroxyl ; 9-BBN ; surface properties ; DSC ; WAXD ; crystalline ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4-Allyloxy phenyl oxazoline was polymerized using methyl 4-nitrobenzene sulfonate as an initiator (M/I = 100/1) in o-dichlorobenzene. The olefin group in the resulting polymer, PAPO, was quantitatively transformed to a (SINGLE BOND)CH2 (SINGLE BOND)CH2 (SINGLE BOND)OH group by (1) hydroborating the olefin group using 9-BBN as a hydroborating agent in CHCl3/THF, and (2) oxidizing the hydroborated polymer. The polymer backbone is very stable in the hydroboration and oxidation environment. Both PAPO and the hydroxylated polymer, PAPO-OH, are crystalline and show birefringence. The PAPO-OH polymer crystallizes slowly due to its bulky side chain and strong interference of hydroxyl group with the packing of polymer molecules. However, once the polymer crystallizes, the side chains are extended and the (SINGLE BOND)OH groups do not hydrogen bond with the carbonyl groups in the polymer backbone. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(N-acyl or N-aroyl ethylenimines) containing various pendant functional groups. II. Copolymers with pendant hydroxyl groups (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 2689-2699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oxazolines ; copolymers ; poly(N-acylethylenimines) ; pendant ; hydroxyl ; hydrogen bonding ; crystalline ; olefin ; surface properties ; 9-BBN ; FT-IR ; DSC ; WAXD ; crystalline ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(N-acylethylenimines) with hydroxyl groups randomly attached to the end of the side chains were synthesized from decenyl/heptyl oxazoline random copolymers. The terminal olefin groups in the polymer side chains react quantitatively with 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN) in THF solvent. The hydroborated polymers can be oxidized and transformed to the polymers with (SINGLE BOND)OH in their side chains. The polymer backbone is very stable in the hydroboration and oxidation reaction environment. The polymers were named as DH-OH or DM(m/n)-OH, where m and n represent the calculated numbers of monomers with and without the (SINGLE BOND)OH group, respectively. The DH(m/n)-OH copolymers were studied by DSC, wide-angle x-ray diffraction, contact angle measurement, and FT-IR. They are crystalline and show birefringence. In polymers with high concentration of hydroxyl groups, the (SINGLE BOND)OH groups promote polymer crystallization due to their strong interactions. They have very high ΔH of fusion, sharp crystallization peaks, and small supercoolings. Wide-angle x-ray diffraction study of these polymers demonstrated that their alkyl side chains are not fully extended in crystalline domain as those in the DH copolymers. Data from advancing water/ethanol mixture contact angle measurement indicates that most of the (SINGLE BOND)OH groups in the copolymers are buried and the polymer surface is mainly composed of methyl or methylene group. FT-IR study in the carbonyl stretching region proves that the (SINGLE BOND)OH groups can bend back and form hydrogen bonding with the carbonyl groups in the polymer backbone. Though the DH-OH polymers show basically a hydrocarbon surface in a normal environment, both receding water contact angle and peel strength measurements demonstrate that the polymer surfaces can reorganize when they are in contact with a polar liquid. The buried (SINGLE BOND)OH groups can be “pulled” out by polar agents such as water or tape adhesive. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxyalkylene polymers with alkylsulfonylmethyl side chains: Gas barrier properties (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: barrier polymer ; permeability coefficient ; glass transition temperature ; blend ; sulfone ; oxyethylene ; oxytrimethylene ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Gas barrier properties of alkylsulfonylmethyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)s are discussed. Oxygen permeability coefficients of three methylsulfonylmethyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)s, poly[oxy(methylsulfonylmethyl)ethylene] (MSE), poly[oxy(methylsulfonylmethyl)ethylene-co-oxyethylene] (MSEE), and poly[oxy-2,2-bis (methylsulfonylmethyl)trimethylene oxide] (MST) were measured. MSEE, which has the most flexible backbone of the three polymers, had an oxygen permeability coefficient at 30°C of 0.0036 × 10-13 cm3(STP)·cm/cm2·s·Pa higher than that of MSE, 0.0014 × 10-13 cm3(STP)·cm/cm2·s·Pa, because the former polymer's Tg was near room temperature. MST with two polar groups per repeat unit and the highest Tg showed the highest oxygen permeability, 0.013 × 10-13 cm3(STP) · cm/cm2·s·Pa, among the three polymers, probably because steric hindrance between the side chains made the chain packing inefficient. As the side chain length of poly[oxy(alkylsulfonylmethyl)ethylene] increased, Tg and density decreased and the oxygen permeability coefficients increased. The oxygen permeability coefficient of MSE at high humidity (84% relative humidity) was seven times higher than when it was dry because absorbed water lowered its Tg. At 100% relative humidity MSE equilibrated to a Tg of 15°C after 2 weeks. A 50/50 blend of MSE/MST had oxygen barrier properties better than the individual polymers (O2 permeability coefficient is 0.0007 × 10-13 cm3(STP)·cm/cm2 ·s·Pa), lower than most commercial high barrier polymers. At 100% relative humidity, it equilibrated to a Tg of 42°C, well above room temperature. These are polymer systems with high gas barrier properties under both dry and wet conditions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 75-83, 1998
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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