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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: morphine ; rectal administration ; i.m. administration ; gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis ; bioavailability ; plasma levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 21 healthy women undergoing gynaecological operations received rectal premedication with morphine 0.3 mg/kg body weight. Plasma concentrations of morphine were followed for 4 h by a GC/MS technique. In most patients the peak plasma concentration was reached after 30 min; the mean peak plasma level of morphine was 18 ng/ml (range 8.5–57 ng/ml). The bioavailability of rectal morphine was determined in 6 patients, who received an i.m. injection of morphine at a second operation. The mean bioavailability of rectal morphine was 31% (range 12%–61%). None of the patients showed any clinical sign of respiratory depression, and there was no increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide tension measured in 5 patients operated under spinal block.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 477-481 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: budesonide ; glucocorticoid ; nasal administration ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; systemic effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Budesonide, a topically potent glucocorticoid, was administered to 4 healthy volunteers by i.v. infusion and by nasal instillation of 100 µg tritium-labelled drug. Plasma was analyzed by liquid chromatography plus scintillation counting of collected fractions. After i.v. administration the plasma clearance was 0.92 l/min and the apparent volume of distribution was 2.8 l/kg. After nasal administration, the time to reach the peak plasma level was approximately 30 min, and the systemic availability was 102%. Budesonide had marginal effects on plasma cortisol and white blood cell counts either after i.v. or nasal administration. Thus, nasally instilled budesonide in solution is rapidly and completely absorbed from the nasal mucosa. The systemic effects after this clinically recommended nasal dose were negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 277-281 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Proscillaridin ; oral administration ; portal venous sample ; porto-peripheral concentration difference ; bioavailability ; 86Rb-uptake inhibition assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absorption of proscillaridin A was studied in four patients undergoing catheterization of the portal vein for diagnostic purposes. Proscillaridin 1.5 mg was given as a single oral dose and plasma glycoside activity was analyzed by the86Rb-uptake inhibition technique. Proscillaridin appeared rapidly in the portal blood, peak activity being found after 15 min in three and after 30 min in one patient. In peripheral blood the peak activity occurred after approximately 35 min. Despite rapid passage across the gut wall, porto-peripheral differences in glycoside activity were small; they were zero after 4 h. The mean amount absorbed as active proscillaridin during the first 4 h after the dose was calculated to be only 7.1% of the given amount. Late porto-peripheral differences, probably due to enterohepatic recycling, appeared after 6 h in three patients. The results suggest that proscillaridin undergoes first pass inactivation in the gut wall. Enterohepatic recirculation may contribute to the amounts of active glycoside that reach the systemic circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 267-270 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: terodiline ; human volunteers ; pharmacokinetics ; serum clearance ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of terodiline HCl was studied in nine healthy volunteers given 12.5 mg i.v. and p.o. or 20 mg i.v. and 25 mg p.o. on two different occasions. The serum concentrations were measured by gas chromatography — mass spectrometry, using deuterated terodiline HCl as the internal standard. After i.v. administration the kinetics could be described by a two-compartment model with a mean distribution half life of 0.3 h and a mean elimination half life of 63 h. The serum clearance and apparent volume of distribution varied about 4-fold with mean values of 4.8 l/h and 417 l, respectively. After oral administration, the mean half life of absorption was 0.7 h and that of elimination 65 h. The absolute bioavailability varied between 64% and 105% with a mean of 92%. The long serum half life of terodiline should permit its once daily administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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