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Adaptive plasticity in the spinal stretch reflex: An accessible substrate of memory? (1985)

Wolpaw, Jonathan R.

Springer

Cellular and molecular neurobiology 5 (1985), S. 147-165

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ISSN: 1573-6830

Keywords: plasticity ; stretch reflex ; spinal reflex ; primate ; learning ; memory

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary 1. The study of the substrates of memory in higher vertebrates is one of the major problems of neurobiology. A simple and technically accessible experimental model is needed. 2. Recent studies have demonstrated long-term adaptive plasticity, a form of memory, in the spinal stretch reflex (SSR). The SSR is due largely to a two-neuron monosynaptic arc, the simplest, best-defined, and most accessible pathway in the primate central nervous system (CNS). 3. Monkeys can slowly change SSR amplitude without a change in initial muscle length or alpha motoneuron tone, when reward is made contingent on amplitude. Change occurs over weeks and months and persists for long periods. It is relatively specific to the agonist muscle and affects movement. 4. The salient features of SSR adaptive plasticity, combined with clinical and laboratory evidence indicating spinal cord capacity for intrinsic change, suggest that SSR change eventually involves persistent segmental alteration. If this is the case, SSR plasticity should be a powerful model for studying the neuronal and synaptic substrates of memory in a primate.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711090

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Chronic exposure of primates to 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields: III. Neurophysiologic effects (1989)

Dowman, Robert ; Wolpaw, Jonathan R. ; Seegal, Richard F. ; [et al.]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Bioelectromagnetics 10 (1989), S. 303-317

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ISSN: 0197-8462

Keywords: 60-Hz electromagnetic radiation ; evoked potential ; somatosensory ; auditory ; brainstem auditory ; visual ; primates ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Physics

Notes: The neurophysiologic effects of combined 60-Hz electric (E) and magnetic (B) fields, of magnitudes comparable to those produced by high-voltage powerlines, were investigated in 10 monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). Six animals (experimental group) were each exposed to three different levels of E and B fields: 3 kV/m and 0.1 G, 10 kV/m and 0.3 G, and 30 kV/m and 0.9 G. Field exposures were preceded and followed by sham exposures, during which factors of field generation were present (e.g., heat, vibration, noise, etc.) without E and B fields. Each of the five segments (i.e., the three exposure segments and the initial and final sham exposure segments) lasted 3 weeks. Animals were exposed for 18 h/day (fields on at 1600 h, off at 1000 h). Four other animals (external control group) were given sham exposure for the entire 15-week period. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded twice a week, during the daily 6-h field-off period.E- and B-field exposure had no effect on the early or mid-latency evoked potential components, suggesting that exposure at these levels has no effect on peripheral or central sensory afferent pathways. However, there was a statistically significant decrease in the amplitudes of late components of the somatosensory evoked potential during the 10kV/m and 0.3 G, and 30 kV/m and 0.9 G exposure levels. This result is possibly related to the opiate antagonist effect of electromagnetic field exposure reported by others.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.