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  • nitrogen  (2)
  • associative nitrogen fixation  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C, N, and S mineralization of crop residues as influenced by crop species and nutrient regime (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 106 (1988), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbon ; crop residue ; mineralization ; nitrogen ; organic matter ; sulfur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The mineralization of C, N, and S from residues of three different crop species (wheat, lentil, and rape) grown under diverse nutritional regimes was measured over a 12-week incubation period under controlled conditions. The rate of decomposition, as measured by CO2 evolution, varied considerably among treatments and appeared to be controlled almost entirely by N content of the residue (R2=0.98). Similarly, N mineralization was strongly tied to N concentration. The critical N concentration, below which significant immobilization of N occurred, declined over time, ranging from 1.9% at day 14 to 1.1% at day 84. Mineralization of S was positively correlated with initial S concentration (R2=0.95) and negatively related to N concentration, apparently because of a dilution effect. The results demonstrate that decomposition and N and S mineralization of crop residues, under conditions prevalent in the experiment, are primarily a function of their nutrient concentrations rather than biochemial composition related to crop species. As a result, it should be possible to enhance rate of residue decomposition, increase quantities of N and S mineralized, and avert detrimental immobilization losses in the following year by governing the nutritional regime under which the crop is grown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371192
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barley response to nitrogen and non-nutritional benefits of legume green manure (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 142 (1992), S. 19-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; fertilizer ; green manure ; legume ; lentil ; nitrogen ; non-nutritional response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Green manure application may benefit subsequent crops not only by improving nitrogen (N) fertility but also via non-nutritional mechanisms. The quantification of the latter effect, however, is complicated by the confounding effect of N fertility. Two experiments were conducted in controlled environments to partition the yield response of barley to green manure between N and non-nutritional effects. Each experiment included a factorial of fertilizer N application rates and green manure application rates. The fertilizer was labelled with 15N to facilitate discrimination between N sources. Approximately 24% of the N applied in green manure was assimilated by barley after 45 days (Experiment 1) and 32% was recovered by barley grown to maturity (Experiment 2). Apparent recovery of green manure-N by barley was not appreciably affected by fertilizer application. Regression analysis of the relationship between dry matter yield and plant N uptake demonstrated that yield responses to green manure application were not entirely attributable to improved N fertility. For a given amount of N assimilated by the crop, yields were higher in green manure-amended treatments than in those receiving no green manure. In barley grown to maturity, barley response to N and non-nutritional effects were estimated to be 5.3 and 2.2g pot−1, respectively. The relationship between dry matter yield and N uptake is suggested as a method for distinguishing nutritional and non-nutritional yield responses. This approach assumes that no other nutrient is limiting growth. The presence of non-nutritional benefits observed in this study demonstrates that the agronomic value of green manure is not limited to N release and casts doubt on the assumptions inherent to calculation of fertilizer equivalents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010171
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence against associative N2 fixation as a significant N source in long-term wheat plots (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 175 (1995), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: 15N2 ; associative nitrogen fixation ; nitrogen budgets ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In monocropped cereal systems, annual N inputs from non-fertilizer sources may be more than 30 kg ha-1. We examined the possibility that these inputs are due to biological N2 fixation (BNF) associated with roots or decomposing residues. Wheat was grown under greenhouse conditions in pots (34 cm long by 10 cm diameter) containing soil from a plot cropped to spring wheat since 1911 without fertilization. The roots and soil were sealed from the atmosphere and exposed to a15N2-enriched atmosphere for three to four weeks during vegetative, reproductive or post-reproductive stages. This technique permitted detection of as little as 1 μg fixed N plant-1 in plant material and 40 μg fixed N plant-1 in soil. No fixation of15N2 occurred during either of the first two labelling periods. In the final labelling period, straw returned to the soil was significantly enriched in15N, especially in a pot with a higher soil moisture content. Total BNF in this pot was 13 μg N plant-1, or about 30 g N ha-1. In a separate experiment with soil from the same plot, we detected BNF only when soil was amended with glucose at a high soil moisture content. Measured associative BNF was insufficient to account for observed N gains under field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02413006
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