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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acidity of twelve northern New England (U.S.A.) lakes in recent centuries (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 12 (1994), S. 103-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: acidification ; alkalization ; pH ; alkalinity ; diatoms ; sediment chemistry ; New England ; catchment effects ; land use ; logging ; acidic deposition ; air pollutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Studies of sediment cores from 12 acidic lakes in granitic, forested and uninhabited catchments in northern New England, U.S.A. produced diatom-inferred pH (IpH) 5.2 to 5.8 and alkalinity (Ialk) −12 to 31 µeq l−1, with slowly declining values at some lakes, for one to four centuries prior to logging. Increases of IpH (Δ0.05 to 0.60) and Ialk (Δ5 to 40 µeq l−1) correlate with logging in the catchments in the early-1800s to early-1900s. Recovery to pre-logging IpH and Ialk correlates with forest succession toward conifers, and is completed in the late-1800s to mid-1900s. Beginning at 1915–1920 (4 lakes), 1930–1950 (4 lakes) and 1965–1970 (4 lakes), IpH and Ialk start decreasing below pre-logging values due to atmospheric acidic deposition, leading to respective total decreases of 0.10 to 0.45 (X=0.25) and 5 to 25 µeq l−1 (X=15). Inputs of anthropogenic Pb, Zn, V, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and soot from the atmosphere are first detectable in early- to late-1800s sediment, and Cu in late-1800s sediment, increase rapidly in the late-1800s to mid-1900s, and level off or decrease since the 1960s — partly due to emission controls. Decreasing Ca, Mn, and possibly Zn relative to other metals and normalized to organic content, and increasing flux of Fe to the lakes, indicate soil and water acidification after 1900.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678090
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in the Chemistry of Acidified Bohemian Lakes from 1984 to 1995: I. Major Solutes (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 108 (1998), S. 107-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acid deposition ; acidification ; base cations ; Bohemian lakes ; chloride ; Czech Republic ; lake water ; nitrate ; pH ; reversibility ; sulphate ; temporal changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Temporal changes in major solute concentrations in six Czech Republic lakes were monitored during the period 1984–1995. Four chronically-acidic lakes had decreasing concentrations of strong-acid anions (CSA = SO4 2- + NO3 - + Cl-), at rates of 3.0 to 9.0 μeq L-1 yr-1. Decreases in SO4 2-, NO3 -, and Cl- (at rates up to 5.1 μeq L-1 yr-1, 3.2 μeq L-1 yr-1, and 0.6 μeq L-1 yr-1, respectively) occurred. The response to the decrease in deposition of S was rapid and annual decline of SO4 2- in lake water was directly proportional to SO4 2- concentrations in the acidified lakes. Changes in NO3 - concentrations were modified by biological consumption within the lakes. The decline in CSA was accompanied in the four most acidic lakes by decreases in AlT, increases in pH at rates of 0.011 to 0.016 pH yr- 1, and decreases of Ca2+ and Mg2+ (but not Na+) in three lakes. The acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) increased significantly in all six lakes. Increases in base cation concentrations (CB = Ca2+ + Na+ + Mg2+ + K+) were the principal contributing factor to ANC increases in the two lakes with positive ANC, whereas decrease in CSA was the major factor in ANC increases in the four chronically-acidic lakes. The continued chemical recovery of these lakes depends on the uncertain trends in N deposition, the cycling of N in the lakes and their catchments, and the magnitude of the future decrease in S deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005064829981
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in Water Chemistry of Acidified Bohemian Lakes from 1984 to 1995: II. Trace Elements and Aluminum (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 108 (1998), S. 425-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acidic deposition ; acidification ; aluminum ; atmosphericdeposition ; Bohemia ; Czech Republic ; fluoride ; lake ; trace metal ; trace element ; reversibility ; restoration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The concentrations of Al, Be, Cd, Cu, F, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were monitored in five glacial lakes and one man-made lake in the southwestern part of the Czech Republic. The lakes had median pHs of 4.4 to 6.5 during 1984 to 1995. Decreases in the concentrations of Mn and Pb occurred in five acidified lakes. The concentrations of AlT, Be, Cd, and F decreased in the four chronically acidified lakes, Zn decreased in two lakes. Concentrations of Cu and Fe remained unchanged. The decreases in Be, Mn, and Zn concentrations were proportional to the decrease in CSA (CSA = SO4 2- + NO3 -+ Cl-); decreases in AlT, Cd, and Pb concentrations were proportionately higher, while F was lower. The greater decrease in the Pb concentrations (61 to 79%, at a rate up to 0.15 μg L-1yr-1) was caused by pronounced decreases in deposition of Pb derived from mobile sources. The decrease of AlT concentrations was dominated by a decrease in Al3+, whose concentration decreased by 51 to 86%. The concentrations of complexes Al(OH)2+, Al(OH)2 +, AlF2+, and AlH3SiO4 2+ also decreased. The decrease in the concentrations of inorganic forms of Al (Ali) compensated 65% of the decrease in CSA. The Cd concentrations were highly variable in the years 1986 to 1988 because of variable amounts of accumulation on particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005007627334
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