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  • X-ray crystal structure  (5)
  • genotype  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 437-440 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: absorption ; barley ; chelate ; genotype ; HEDTA ; MES ; Mn ; pH ; Tris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A new chelate-buffering technique was used to investigate the effect of pH (6.00, 6.85 and 7.70) on manganese (Mn) absorption from nutrient solution by three genotypes of barley plants differeing in Mn efficiency. The nutrient composition was adjusted such that the calculated activities of Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ were similar in each pH, thus eliminating any effect of the pH treatment on Mn2+ supply. Increasing pH from 6.00 to 7.70 increased the rate of Mn absorption and decreased the external Mn requirement for optimal growth rate. With increasing pH, Mn concentrations in roots rose markedly, and were higher than those in shoots at pH 7.70. Genotypic differences in Mn concentration of roots appeared only at higher pH. We suggest that higher Mn concentration in roots of inefficient plants may be related to Mn immobilisation in roots, and this may be a factor in the mechanism of Mn efficiency.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: boron deficiency ; boron efficiency ; Brassica napus L. ; differential response ; genotype ; oilseed rape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three experiments were carried out on an alluvial sandy loam (Udifluvent) at Tonglu, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China from 1992 to 1995, to determine the genotypic range in boron (B) efficiency of 16 oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, to identify the B-efficient cultivars and to identify specific responses which can be utilised for selection in a breeding program. The 16 cultivars which included high-quality and conventional types differed significantly in survival, plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight and seed yield; however, the ranking of the cultivars for their seed yield or other plant traits differed with B treatment. With severe B deficiency (CaCl2 extractable B 〈 0.26 mg/kg) and no boron applied, none of the cultivars exhibited significant B efficiency, with seed yield 〈300 kg/ha. With moderate B deficiency (CaCl2 extractable B 0.34 mg/kg or 0.17 kg B/ha applied), seed yield varied significantly among the cultivars from 397 to 1889 kg/ha in year 1 and from 616 to 1260 kg/ha in year 3. Zhongyou 821 and 92-13 were the most B-efficient and Wanyou 324, Huashuang 2 and Su 2051 were the most B-inefficient cultivars under moderate B deficiency. Significant differences were found among the cultivars in leaf B concentration; however, there was no close relationship between leaf B concentration and seed yield responses to B of oilseed cultivars. Of all the growth parameters measured, leaf area was the early indicator best correlated with subsequent seed yield and may be useful for evaluating the response of cultivars to low B supply. Contrary to current opinion, it was also found that high-quality oilseed rape cultivars were not all sensitive to low B supply nor were all conventional cultivars B-efficient.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 178 (1996), S. 205-208 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; genotype ; Mn concentration ; Mn efficiency ; pot size ; screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Mn efficiency is defined here as an ability of a genotype to grow and yield well in a soil which is limiting in available Mn for a standard genotype (Graham, 1984). Screening for Mn efficiency in soil-based pot testing had been producing inconsistent results, and thus improvement of pot screening became an objective. One possible factor, pot size was examined as the cause, using two sizes of pot. In large pots, the expectation of higher dry matter and shoot Mn concentration in a Mn-efficient genotype compared to a Mn-inefficient genotype was realised over a wide range of Mn supply, whereas in small pots, the genotypic differences were expressed at only one, low rate of Mn supply (10 mg kg soil-1). Plants in the small pots strongly responded to root restriction by decreasing yields and increasing root/shoot ratios and Mn concentrations of shoots. The critical value of Mn concentration for shoot growth was not affected by the small pots, but the Mn mobilization by plants might be affected in the small pots. The practical outcome of these results is that using an adequate size of pot and measuring the Mn concentration of shoots, soil-based pot screening for Mn efficiency can be improved.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 267-274 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: genotype ; grain yield ; harvest index ; seed nutrient content ; Triticum aestivum L. ; zinc deficiency ; zinc toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Zn-efficient Excalibur and Zn-inefficient Gatcher) were grown from low-Zn (around 250 ng Zn/seed) and high-Zn seed (around 700 ng Zn/seed) in a Zn-deficient siliceous sand fertilised with 0, 0.05, 0.2, 0.8 or 3.2 mg Zn kg-1 soil. At maturity, plants derived from the high-Zn seed had bigger grains and produced more grains than plants grown from the low-Zn seed when fertilised with nil Zn. Plants grown from high-Zn seed produced more grain dry matter per unit of Zn absorbed by the above-ground parts, transported a larger proportion of absorbed Zn to the grain, and approached the maximum harvest index with the fertilisation rate of 0.05 mg Zn kg-1 compared to 0.2 mg Zn kg-1 soil required for plants derived from the low-Zn seed. The Zn-efficient cv. Excalibuir had greater fertiliser efficiency when fertilised with 0.05 mg Zn kg-1 soil and a greater harvest index at nil Zn treatment compared to the Zn-inefficient cv. Gatcher. Zn-deficient plants produced seed with higher concentrations of all inorganic nutrients determined except Zn. There was a positive relationship between grain dry weight and Zn concentrations in youngest expanded blades sampled at 6 weeks of growth. It is concluded that crops grown from seed containing higher Zn content have a distinct advantage which culminates in greater yield when grown in soils of low Zn status.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 259-266 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: deficiency ; genotype ; seed nutrient content ; seedling vigour ; toxicity ; Triticum aestivum L. ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seed nutrient reserves may be important for an early establishment of crops on low-fertility soils. This glasshouse pot study evaluated effects of seed Zn content on vegetative growth of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes differing in Zn efficiency. Low-Zn (around 250 ng Zn per seed) and high-Zn seed (around 700 ng Zn per seed on average) of Excalibur (Zn efficient) and Gatcher (Zn inefficient) wheats were sown in a Zn-deficient siliceous sand fertilised with 0, 0.05, 0.2, 0.8 or 3.2 mg Zn kg-1 soil. After 3 weeks, plants derived from the high-Zn seed had better root and shoot growth; the cv. Excalibur accumulated more shoot dry matter than the cv. Gatcher. After 6 weeks, greater root and shoot growth of plants grown from the high-Zn seed compared to those from the low-Zn seed was obvious only at nil Zn fertilisation. A fertilisation rate of 0.2 mg Zn kg-1 soil was required for achieving 90% of the maximum yield for plants grown from the high-Zn seed compared to 0.8 mg Zn kg-1 soil for plants derived from the low Zn seed. The critical Zn level in youngest expanded leaves for 90% maximum yield was 16 mg Zn kg-1 dry matter for both genotypes. Zn-efficient Excalibur had greater net Zn uptake rates compared to Zn-inefficient Gatcher after 3 weeks but they were not different at the 6-week harvest. Zinc-deficient plants had greater net uptake rates of Cu, Mn, B, P, and K but a reduced uptake rate of Fe. It is concluded that higher seed Zn content acted similar to a starter-fertiliser effect by improving vegetative growth and dissipating differences in Zn efficiency of wheat genotypes.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 4 (1986), S. 351-358 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: 12-crown-4 ; yttrium ; complex ; X-ray crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Y(NO3)3(12-crown-4) was prepared via reaction of the crown ether and Y(NO3)3·nH2O in acetonitrile. Y(NO3)3(12-crown-4) crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/c witha=12.084(5),b=8.524(4),c=15.150(6) Å, β=91.62(3)0 andD calc=1.92 g cm−3 forZ=4. The structure was refined by least-squares to a final conventionalR value of 0.105 using 1249 independent observed reflections [I≥3σ(I)]. The title compound is isostructural with its Eu(III) analog. The yttrium ion is ten-coordinate, bonded to three bidentate nitrate groups and to the four oxygens of the crown ether. The coordination polyhedron is best described as a 4A, 6B-extended dodecahedron. The Y-O(nitrate) and Y-O(ether) separations average 2.44(5) and 2.46(4) Å, respectively.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Dicyclohexano-24-crown-8 ; hydronium uranyl chloride methanol solvate complex ; hydronium uranium(IV) chloride methanol solvate complex ; X-ray crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of dicyclohexano-24-crown-8 with UCl4 in 3/1 THF:MeOH under anhydrous conditions and with exposure to air, resulted in the isolation of the hydronium ion complexes, [(H5O2)(dicyclohexano-24-crown-8)]2[UO2Cl4]-MeOH and [(H5O2)(dicyclohexano-24-crown-8)]2[UCI6]-MeOH. The [UO2Cl4]2− complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group,P21/n, witha = 15.200(8),b = 26.565(9),c = 16.977(8)Å, β = 95.89(6)° andD calc = 1.40 g cm−3 forZ = 4 formula units. A finalR value of 0.051 was obtained utilizing 5913 independent observed [F o ≥ 5σ(F o)] reflections. One ether is complexed by an ordered H5O inf2 sup+ ion, while the second crown ether is hydrogen bonded to a disordered H5O inf2 sup+ ion. The [UCl6]2− complex is tetragonal,P4/n, with (at −150°C)a = 16.320(4),c = 12.542(2)Å andD calc = 1.47 g cm−1 forZ = 2. A finalR value of 0.038 was obtained utilizing 2466 observed reflections. The anion resides on a four-fold axis and the crown ether cation around a crystallographic two-fold axis. The H5O inf2 sup+ ion is disordered into two orientations within the macrocycle cavity. All three crystallographically independent crown ether environments in these two structures have essentially identical conformations.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Nitrobenzo-15-crown-5 ; dinitrobenzo-15-crown-5 ; dinitrodibenzo-18-crown-6 acetonitrile solvate ; X-ray crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures of three nitrated benzocrown ethers have been determined. Nitrobenzo-15-crown-5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group,Pca21, witha = 15.367(2),b = 4.8499(8),c = 19.963(5)Å, andD calc = 1.40 g cm−3 forZ = 4. Dinitrobenzo-15-crown-5 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group,P21/n, witha = 11.716(2),b = 8.495(3),c = 17.441(5)Å,β = 108.40(2)° andD calc = 1.44 g cm−3 forZ = 4.Dinitrodibenzo-18-crown-6·2CH3CN ismonoclinic,P21/n,witha = 8.138(2),b = 20.435(9),c = 15.953(9)Å,β = 100.55(4)° andD calc = 1.36 g cm−3 forZ = 4. The nitro substituents are in the plane of the benzo ring except in the sterically congested dinitrobenzo-15crown-5. The observed crown ether conformations are similar to their substituted analogs.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 15 (1993), S. 145-152 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: 20-thiocrown-4 ; X-ray crystal structure ; crown ether
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An improved synthesis of 20-thiocrown-4 is reported, which exploits the Kellogg method of cesium carbonate in DMF mediated macrocyclization of precondensed synthones which converge at the cycloicosane structure. The crystal structure of 20-thiocrown-4 reveals a rectangular conformation for the free ligand. Each sulfur is in onegauche and oneanti torsion angle. Four carbon positions make up the corners. There are two short sides comprised of −C−C− torsion angle sequencesg −ag− and two long sides (aaa, g −ag+). The S−C and C−C bond distances average 1.816(2) Å and 1.523(3) Å, respectively.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 8 (1990), S. 375-382 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: 12-crown-4 ; cerium nitrate complex ; X-ray crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A unique cerium nitrate complex, [Ce(NO3)3(OH2)(12-crown-4)]-12-crown-4, has been crystallized from the reaction of hydrated cerium nitrate and 12-crown-4. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group,Pnma, with (at −150°C)a = 22.901(5),b = 13.547(3),c = 8.422(1)Å, andD x = 1.77 g cm−3 forZ = 4 formula units. A finalR value of 0.048 was obtained utilizing 2059 unique observed [F o ⩾ 5σ(F o)] reflections. The Ce atom resides on a crystallographic mirror plane and is 11-coordinate, coordinated to three bidentate nitrate groups, one water molecule and the four oxygens of one 12-crown-4 molecule. The water molecule hydrogen bonds a second 12-crown-4 unit. Both unique crown molecules and one of the nitrate anions are severely disordered.
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