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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamic nature of plant-available manganese during storage of a calcareous soil (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Barley ; Wheat ; Manganese ; Availability ; Microorganisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of length of dry storage period and subsequent moist incubation on the availability of Mn was examined in a calcareous soil. Increasing the time of dry storage (for up to 4 years) generally increased the availability of Mn as determined by plant growth and Mn concentration in wheat and barley. Moist incubation of stored soil had variable effects on Mn availability depending on how long the soil had been stored before use and on the method used to assess Mn availability. When assessed by Mn concentration in plant tissues, increasing the moist incubation time (from 0 to 30 days) of soil stored dry for 4 years increased Mn availability in soil initially and thereafter decreased it. However, incubation time had little effect on Mn availability in soil stored for only 1 year or soil used fresh from the field. When Mn availability was assessed using a chemical extractant (DTPA; diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), both soils showed an initial increase in Mn availability immediately on wetting. However, Mn availability in the soil stored for only 1 year decreased rapidly and remained consistently below that of soil stored for 4 years. In the latter soil, Mn availability also decreased but only after a few days. Microbial studies indicated that there was a decrease in the ratio of Mn oxidising to Mn reducing microorganisms with increasing storage time. Inoculation of one soil with another suggested that the factor responsible for the low Mn availability in soils stored for a short period could be transferred to soils stored for a longer period. These results suggest that the change in Mn availability in a calcareous soil with dry storage is a result of changes in microbial populations that cannot be fully restored by moist incubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336281
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pH on Mn absorption by barley genotypes in a chelate-buffered nutrient solution (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: absorption ; barley ; chelate ; genotype ; HEDTA ; MES ; Mn ; pH ; Tris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A new chelate-buffering technique was used to investigate the effect of pH (6.00, 6.85 and 7.70) on manganese (Mn) absorption from nutrient solution by three genotypes of barley plants differeing in Mn efficiency. The nutrient composition was adjusted such that the calculated activities of Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ were similar in each pH, thus eliminating any effect of the pH treatment on Mn2+ supply. Increasing pH from 6.00 to 7.70 increased the rate of Mn absorption and decreased the external Mn requirement for optimal growth rate. With increasing pH, Mn concentrations in roots rose markedly, and were higher than those in shoots at pH 7.70. Genotypic differences in Mn concentration of roots appeared only at higher pH. We suggest that higher Mn concentration in roots of inefficient plants may be related to Mn immobilisation in roots, and this may be a factor in the mechanism of Mn efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025077
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential response of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars to low boron supply (1998)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 204 (1998), S. 155-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: boron deficiency ; boron efficiency ; Brassica napus L. ; differential response ; genotype ; oilseed rape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three experiments were carried out on an alluvial sandy loam (Udifluvent) at Tonglu, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China from 1992 to 1995, to determine the genotypic range in boron (B) efficiency of 16 oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, to identify the B-efficient cultivars and to identify specific responses which can be utilised for selection in a breeding program. The 16 cultivars which included high-quality and conventional types differed significantly in survival, plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight and seed yield; however, the ranking of the cultivars for their seed yield or other plant traits differed with B treatment. With severe B deficiency (CaCl2 extractable B 〈 0.26 mg/kg) and no boron applied, none of the cultivars exhibited significant B efficiency, with seed yield 〈300 kg/ha. With moderate B deficiency (CaCl2 extractable B 0.34 mg/kg or 0.17 kg B/ha applied), seed yield varied significantly among the cultivars from 397 to 1889 kg/ha in year 1 and from 616 to 1260 kg/ha in year 3. Zhongyou 821 and 92-13 were the most B-efficient and Wanyou 324, Huashuang 2 and Su 2051 were the most B-inefficient cultivars under moderate B deficiency. Significant differences were found among the cultivars in leaf B concentration; however, there was no close relationship between leaf B concentration and seed yield responses to B of oilseed cultivars. Of all the growth parameters measured, leaf area was the early indicator best correlated with subsequent seed yield and may be useful for evaluating the response of cultivars to low B supply. Contrary to current opinion, it was also found that high-quality oilseed rape cultivars were not all sensitive to low B supply nor were all conventional cultivars B-efficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004326217479
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pot size affects expression of Mn efficiency in barley (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 178 (1996), S. 205-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; genotype ; Mn concentration ; Mn efficiency ; pot size ; screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Mn efficiency is defined here as an ability of a genotype to grow and yield well in a soil which is limiting in available Mn for a standard genotype (Graham, 1984). Screening for Mn efficiency in soil-based pot testing had been producing inconsistent results, and thus improvement of pot screening became an objective. One possible factor, pot size was examined as the cause, using two sizes of pot. In large pots, the expectation of higher dry matter and shoot Mn concentration in a Mn-efficient genotype compared to a Mn-inefficient genotype was realised over a wide range of Mn supply, whereas in small pots, the genotypic differences were expressed at only one, low rate of Mn supply (10 mg kg soil-1). Plants in the small pots strongly responded to root restriction by decreasing yields and increasing root/shoot ratios and Mn concentrations of shoots. The critical value of Mn concentration for shoot growth was not affected by the small pots, but the Mn mobilization by plants might be affected in the small pots. The practical outcome of these results is that using an adequate size of pot and measuring the Mn concentration of shoots, soil-based pot screening for Mn efficiency can be improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011584
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of seed Zn content for wheat growth on Zn-deficient soil (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 267-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: genotype ; grain yield ; harvest index ; seed nutrient content ; Triticum aestivum L. ; zinc deficiency ; zinc toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Zn-efficient Excalibur and Zn-inefficient Gatcher) were grown from low-Zn (around 250 ng Zn/seed) and high-Zn seed (around 700 ng Zn/seed) in a Zn-deficient siliceous sand fertilised with 0, 0.05, 0.2, 0.8 or 3.2 mg Zn kg-1 soil. At maturity, plants derived from the high-Zn seed had bigger grains and produced more grains than plants grown from the low-Zn seed when fertilised with nil Zn. Plants grown from high-Zn seed produced more grain dry matter per unit of Zn absorbed by the above-ground parts, transported a larger proportion of absorbed Zn to the grain, and approached the maximum harvest index with the fertilisation rate of 0.05 mg Zn kg-1 compared to 0.2 mg Zn kg-1 soil required for plants derived from the low-Zn seed. The Zn-efficient cv. Excalibuir had greater fertiliser efficiency when fertilised with 0.05 mg Zn kg-1 soil and a greater harvest index at nil Zn treatment compared to the Zn-inefficient cv. Gatcher. Zn-deficient plants produced seed with higher concentrations of all inorganic nutrients determined except Zn. There was a positive relationship between grain dry weight and Zn concentrations in youngest expanded blades sampled at 6 weeks of growth. It is concluded that crops grown from seed containing higher Zn content have a distinct advantage which culminates in greater yield when grown in soils of low Zn status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011464
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of seed Zn content for wheat growth on Zn-deficient soil (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 259-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: deficiency ; genotype ; seed nutrient content ; seedling vigour ; toxicity ; Triticum aestivum L. ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seed nutrient reserves may be important for an early establishment of crops on low-fertility soils. This glasshouse pot study evaluated effects of seed Zn content on vegetative growth of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes differing in Zn efficiency. Low-Zn (around 250 ng Zn per seed) and high-Zn seed (around 700 ng Zn per seed on average) of Excalibur (Zn efficient) and Gatcher (Zn inefficient) wheats were sown in a Zn-deficient siliceous sand fertilised with 0, 0.05, 0.2, 0.8 or 3.2 mg Zn kg-1 soil. After 3 weeks, plants derived from the high-Zn seed had better root and shoot growth; the cv. Excalibur accumulated more shoot dry matter than the cv. Gatcher. After 6 weeks, greater root and shoot growth of plants grown from the high-Zn seed compared to those from the low-Zn seed was obvious only at nil Zn fertilisation. A fertilisation rate of 0.2 mg Zn kg-1 soil was required for achieving 90% of the maximum yield for plants grown from the high-Zn seed compared to 0.8 mg Zn kg-1 soil for plants derived from the low Zn seed. The critical Zn level in youngest expanded leaves for 90% maximum yield was 16 mg Zn kg-1 dry matter for both genotypes. Zn-efficient Excalibur had greater net Zn uptake rates compared to Zn-inefficient Gatcher after 3 weeks but they were not different at the 6-week harvest. Zinc-deficient plants had greater net uptake rates of Cu, Mn, B, P, and K but a reduced uptake rate of Fe. It is concluded that higher seed Zn content acted similar to a starter-fertiliser effect by improving vegetative growth and dissipating differences in Zn efficiency of wheat genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011463
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of the salinity response of wheat by the genome ofElytrigia elongatum (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 83 (1985), S. 327-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amphiploid ; Elytrigia ; Genome ; Salinity ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Wheatgrass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring wheat,Elytrigia elongatum (tall wheatgrass), and theTriticum-Elytrigia amphiploid were grown in complete nutrient culture containing, in addition, 0, 40, 80 and 120 mM NaCl. The 3 genotypes responded quite differently to increasing salinity; the Na concentration of wheat shoots increased in direct proportion to the increase in salinity of the external medium whereas the Elytrigia response was interpreted as showing high affinity for Na at low external Na (40 mM) but comparative exclusion of Na at high salinities (120 mM). In contrast, Na levels of the amphiploid were less than those of either wheat or Elytrigia under both low and high salinities. Thus the amphiploid behaved like wheat at 40 mM NaCl but more like Elytrigia at 120 mM NaCl because Na transport to the amphiploid shoot was restricted over the whole salinity range. The K concentration of the amphiploid shoot at high salinities was significantly greater than the K concentrations of either wheat or Elytrigia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184304
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of seed manganese content on the growth of wheat (triticum aestivum) under manganese deficiency (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 96 (1986), S. 165-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcareous soil ; Critical deficiency level ; Manganese uptake ; Seed manganese ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The importance of seed manganese (Mn) content for seedling growth of two wheat cultivars under soil Mn deficiency was demonstrated in growth cabinet experiments. Seed was obtained from different field sites (giving a Mn content range of 0.1 to 6.4 μg Mn seed−1), as well as from soaking seed in MnSO4 prior to sowing. Seed soaking greatly increased the seed Mn content, however, only about 15–20% of this additional Mn was recovered in the seedlings after 26 days growth. In these experiments, the seed rather than the soil provided the major source of plant Mn. Manganese critical deficiency levels (CDLs) were also obtained for leaves, shoots and roots. Increased grain yields from seed soaking were also evident in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374761
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