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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of a fast ablative capillary discharge dedicated to soft x-ray production (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 15-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A capillary discharge has been developed to produce pulses of intense soft x-ray radiation of tens of nanoseconds duration. The soft x-ray photons were emitted in a plasma column resulting from polyethylene in capillary wall ablation. The spectrum was dominated by the C IV, C V, and C VI emission lines in the soft x-ray spectral range. The experimental value of the electrical circuit inductance has been measured and compared to the calculated one. The electron temperature was estimated to be higher than 50 eV from the plasma resistivity measurement. The time dependence of the electron density outside the capillary channel has been determined using spectroscopic measurement in the visible range. The time dependence of the electron temperature has been determined from the intensity ratio of C V and C VI emission lines, using a collisional radiative equilibrium code. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150152
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Higher-order Lagrangian systems: Geometric structures, dynamics, and constraints (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 32 (1991), S. 2744-2763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In order to study the connections between Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms constructed from a—perhaps singular—higher-order Lagrangian, some geometric structures are constructed. Intermediate spaces between those of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms, partial Ostrogradskii's transformations and unambiguous evolution operators connecting these spaces are intrinsically defined, and some of their properties studied. Equations of motion, constraints, and arbitrary functions of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms are thoroughly studied. In particular, all the Lagrangian constraints are obtained from the Hamiltonian ones. Once the gauge transformations are taken into account, the true number of degrees of freedom is obtained, both in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms, and also in all the "intermediate formalisms'' herein defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529066
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the many-time formulation of classical particle dynamics (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 30 (1989), S. 1893-1912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Starting from the standard one-time dynamics of n nonrelativistic particles, the n-time equations of motion are inferred, and a variational principle is formulated. A suitable generalization of the classical Lie–König theorem is demonstrated, which allows the determination of all the associated presymplectic structures. The conditions under which the action of an invariance group is canonical are studied, and a corresponding Noether theorem is deduced. A formulation of the theory in terms of n first-class constraints is recovered by means of coisotropic imbeddings. The proposed approach also provides for a better understanding of the relativistic particle dynamics, since it shows that the different roles of the physical positions and the canonical variables is not peculiar to special relativity, but rather to any n-time approach: indeed a nonrelativistic no-interaction theorem is deduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.528224
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noether's theorem and gauge transformations: Application to the bosonic string and CP n−12 model (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 30 (1989), S. 1345-1350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: New results on the theory of constrained systems are applied to characterize the generators of Noether's symmetry transformations. As a byproduct, an algorithm to construct gauge transformations in Hamiltonian formalism is derived. This is illustrated with two relevant examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.528598
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equivalence between the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism for constrained systems (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 27 (1986), S. 2953-2962 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The equivalence between the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism is studied for constraint systems. A procedure to construct the Lagrangian constraints from the Hamiltonian constraints is given. Those Hamiltonian constraints that are first class with respect to the Hamiltonian constraints produce Lagrangian constraints that are FL-projectable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.527274
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gauge transformation in Einstein–Yang–Mills theories (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5557-5571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We discuss the relation between space–time diffeomorphisms and gauge transformations in theories of the Yang–Mills type coupled with Einstein's general relativity. We show that local symmetries of the Hamiltonian and Lagrangian formalisms of these generally covariant gauge systems are equivalent when gauge transformations are required to induce transformations which are projectable under the Legendre map. Although pure Yang–Mills gauge transformations are projectable by themselves, diffeomorphisms are not. Instead, the projectable symmetry group arises from infinitesimal diffeomorphism-inducing transformations which must depend on the lapse function and shift vector of the space–time metric plus associated gauge transformations. Our results are generalizations of earlier results by ourselves and by Salisbury and Sundermeyer. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533425
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dirac and reduced quantization: A Lagrangian approach and application to coset spaces (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 36 (1995), S. 1146-1165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A Lagrangian treatment of the quantization of first class Hamiltonian systems with constraints and Hamiltonian linear and quadratic in the momenta, respectively, is performed. The "first reduce and then quantize'' and the "first quantize and then reduce'' (Dirac's) methods are compared. A source of ambiguities in this latter approach is pointed out and its relevance on issues concerning self-consistency and equivalence with the "first reduce'' method is emphasized. One of the main results is the relation between the propagator obtained à la Dirac and the propagator in the full space. As an application of the formalism developed, quantization on coset spaces of compact Lie groups is presented. In this case it is shown that a natural selection of a Dirac quantization allows for full self-consistency and equivalence. Finally, the specific case of the propagator on a two-dimensional sphere S2 viewed as the coset space SU(2)/U(1) is worked out. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bimetallic derivatives of the [M(en)3]3+ ion (M=Cr and Co): A series of compounds with unusual magnetic and structural properties (abstract) (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 6017-6017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The crystal structure and magnetic susceptibility of a series of [M(en)3]3+ (M=Cr or Co) derivatives are described. In particular, the crystalline structures of (1) [Cr(en)3]3[FeCl6]Cl6⋅H2O, (2) [Co(en)3]3[FeCl6]Cl6⋅H2O, and (3) [Cr(en)3][FeCl6]⋅11H2O are reported. Structural data, in A(ring), for these compounds are as follows: (1) space group R3, a=15.447(4), c=21.060(6), Z=3; (2) space group R3, a=15.346(3), c=20.880(5), Z=3; (3) space group P3c1, a=11.654(3), c=15.508(4), Z=2. The main structural feature of the first two isomorphous materials is that they consist of a three-dimensional network of triangular antiprisms formed by the [M(en)3]3+ (M=Cr or Co) ions and connected with each other by sharing corners. An [FeCl6]3− ion is placed at the center of each antiprism. Compound (3) contains a sc arrangement of [Cr(en)3]3+ and [FeCl6]3− octahedra. In addition, the magnetic susceptibilities of the above-mentioned isomorphous compounds and of [M(en)3][FeCl6] (M=Cr and Co) and [Cr(en)3][InCl6] are reported. While [Cr(en)3]3[FeCl6]Cl6⋅H2O orders as a ferrimagnet at 0.91 K, [Cr(en)3][FeCl6] exhibits antiferromagnetic properties with Tc=2.26 K, a temperature rather similar to the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature of [Co(en)3][FeCl6].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346051
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bimetallic Derivatives of [M(en)3]3+ Ions (M = Cr, Co): An Approach to Intermolecular Magnetic Interactions in Molecular Magnets (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 33 (1994), S. 746-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00082a021
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multilocus enzyme typing of human and animal strains of Clostridium perfringens (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 121 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was developed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 71 human strains and 17 animal strains of Clostridium perfringens. Crude protein extracts, obtained by sonication of washed bacteria, were analyzed by polyacrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis to characterize electrophoretic mobility variants of seven enzymes (esterase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, nucleoside phosphorylase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, threonine dehydrogenase). Genetic diversity of the enzyme loci ranged from 0.340 to 0.813. Sixty-nine electrophoretic types were described among the 88 strains tested and the index of discrimination was 0.994. All strains were typable, and epidemiological relationships between isolates could be established. This method showed a fair correlation with esterase electrophoretic typing based on hydrolytic and electrophoretic polymorphism of esterases. This work demonstrates that multilocus enzyme polymorphism is a reliable and discriminant marker of genetic diversity of strains of C. perfringens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07070.x
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