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  • Articles  (281)
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Journal
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5640-5645 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nickel- and copper-doped KNbO3 crystals were grown in order to investigate the photorefractive response in the visible and near infrared. Optical absorption, photoconductivity, and two-beam coupling experiments between 515 and 1064 nm are reported. A two-beam coupling constant at 860 nm of 1.4 and 3.2 cm−1 was measured in the nickel- and copper-doped crystals, respectively.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 44 (1979), S. 546-549 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 49 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. In this paper we test the usefulness of acoustic backscatter measurements from a 614 kHz Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) for the qualitative and quantitative characterisation of zooplankton distributions in lakes. ADCP-based backscatter estimates were compared with frequent net hauls obtained during a calibration experiment in which the acoustic backscatter was strongly dominated by vertical migrating Chaoborus flavicans larvae.2. The correlation between backscatter estimates and the C. flavicans concentration was very good. Vertical swimming speed of larvae, measured directly by the ADCP, was up to a maximum of 5 mm s−1 and agreed very well with the observed vertical movement of the backscatter contour lines. Although the strong backscatter from C. flavicans overwhelmed the signal from the remaining zooplankton, a good correlation between backscatter strength and the total remaining zooplankton concentration, dominated by Cyclops spp., was found for the depth and time intervals where no C. flavicans were present.3. In addition to the calibration experiment, longer-term ADCP measurements from different lakes revealed a strong temporal correlation between the onset of the up- and downward migration of zooplankton and the local sunset and sunrise.4. We conclude that ADCPs can be used to monitor plankton distributions both temporally and spatially. It also seems possible to estimate plankton densities after appropriate calibration.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 10819-10822 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The high resolution zero-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectrum of Ar2 has been recorded between 116500 and 128500 cm−1. The spectrum consists of a progression of 52 vibrational bands in the A 2Σ1/2u+←X 1Σg+ (X 10g+ in Hund's case (c) notation) photoelectronic transition. The absolute numbering of the vibrational progression in the A←X transition is achieved by measuring the isotope shifts of two vibrational bands of the 36Ar2 molecule. From the analysis of the vibrational progression the first adiabatic ionization potential of Ar2 has been determined to be 116593.5±6.0 cm−1 (14.4558±0.0007 eV) from which a dissociation energy D0 of 10601.2±6.0 cm−1 (1.3144±0.0007 eV) results for the A 2Σ1/2u+ ground state of Ar2+. The potential curve of the ground ionic state in the vicinity of the potential minimum is adequately represented by a Morse potential with ωe+=307.0±0.4 cm−1 and ωexe+=2.05±0.05 cm−1. The position of higher members of the vibrational progression with v+〉25 cannot be fitted accurately with a Morse potential. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 32 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Pseudomonas putida S-313 is able to desulphonate a broad range of aromatic sulphonates to provide sulphur for growth by monooxygenolytic cleavage to yield the corresponding phenol. After miniTn5 transposon mutagenesis of this strain, 11 mutants were isolated that were no longer able to utilize benzenesulphonate as a sulphur source. Three of these mutants were defective in the utilization of all aromatic sulphonates tested, but they grew normally with other sulphur sources. These strains contained independent insertions in the novel 4.2 kb asfRABC gene cluster, encoding a putative reductase (AsfA), a ferredoxin (AsfB), a putative periplasmic binding protein (AsfC), which was localized to the periplasm using alkaline phosphatase fusions, and a divergently oriented fourth gene, asfR, that encoded a LysR-type regulator protein. A further mutant was interrupted in the ssu locus, which includes the gene for a putative desulphonative monooxygenase. Transformation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the asfRAB genes was sufficient to allow arylsulphonate utilization by this species, which does not normally use these compounds, suggesting that the AsfAB proteins may constitute an arylsulphonate-specific electron transport system that interacts with a less specific oxygenase. Expression of the asfABC genes in P. putida was induced by benzenesulphonate or toluenesulphonate, and it was repressed in the presence of sulphate in the growth medium. AsfR was a negative regulator of asfABC expression, and toluenesulphonate induced expression of these genes indirectly by reducing the expression of the asfR gene.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 46 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Ysc type III secretion system allows Yersinia enterocolitica to translocate virulence proteins, called Yop effectors, into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Some of the Yop effectors possess an individual chaperone called a Syc protein. The first 15 amino acids of the YopE effector constitute a secretion signal that is sufficient to promote secretion of several reporter proteins. Residues 15–50 of YopE comprise the minimal binding domain for the SycE chaperone. In this study, we investigated the secretion by the Ysc system of several YopE–DHFR hybrid proteins with different folding properties, and evaluated the role of SycE, the cognate chaperone of YopE, in this context. We have analysed the secretion of hybrids containing 16 (YopE16), 52 (YopE52) and 80 (the complete region covered by the chaperone, YopE80) amino acids of YopE or full-length YopE (YopEFL) with wild-type DHFR and two mutants with altered folding properties. The hybrids containing DHFRΔ77, the mutant whose folding properties are the most drastically affected, could be secreted in all the conditions tested, even in the absence of the chaperone SycE. In contrast, DHFRwt could only be secreted fused to the first 52 amino acids of YopE, and its secretion was strictly dependent on SycE. The hybrids YopE80–DHFRwt and YopEFL–DHFRwt were not secreted. YopEFL–DHFRwt completely jammed the channel in an SycE-dependent fashion. Our experiments indicate that, in order to be secreted, proteins must be unfolded or only partially folded, and that TSS chaperones could keep their substrates in a secretion-competent conformation, probably by preventing their folding. In addition, they show that the secretion apparatus can reject folded proteins if they are not deeply engaged into the injectisome.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 59 (1997), S. 225-242 
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Key words: Lake Lucerne, sulphur hexafluoride, lakes, density-driven flow, inter-basin exchange, differential mixing, tracer.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The artificial tracer sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) has been used to study the density-driven deep water exchange between two sill-separated basins of Lake Lucerne, Gersauersee and Urnersee. The sources of the density gradients between the two basins are (1) salinity differences between the major inlets due to the different geology of their drainage areas, and (2) temperature differences due to spatial variation of wind forcing. Wind speeds are generally larger in Urnersee, especially in spring during the so-called Föhn events, when winds blow from the south. In contrast, Gersauersee is protected form these winds. In spring 1989, a total of 630g of SF6 was released at 80 to 120m depth in the small Treib Basin located between Urnersee and Gersauersee. During about 100 days the distribution of SF6 in the lake was determined by gaschromatography. Two models are used to quantify the exchange flow, (1) a one-box mass balance model for SF6 in the deep part of Treib Basin, and (2) a one-dimensional diffusion/advection model describing the temporal and vertical temperature variation in Urnersee. According to the first model, the flow into the deep hypolimnion of Urnersee, decreases from 21 · 106m3· d−1 at the end of March to about 8 · 106m3· d−1 in late April. The second model yields similar flow rates. The decrease of the flow rate during spring, confirmed by both approaches, is consistent (1) with the decreasing strength of the density gradient above the sill during spring and early summer, and (2) with hydrographic information collected in Lake Lucerne during other years.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present initial results from the Low-energy magnetospheric ion composition sensor (LOMICS) on the Combined release and radiation effects satellite (CRRES) together with electron, magnetic field, and electric field wave data. LOMICS measures all important magnetospheric ion species (H+, He++, He+, O++, O+) simultaneously in the energy range 60 eV to 45 keV, as well as their pitch-angle distributions, within the time resolution afforded by the spacecraft spin period of 30 s. During the geomagnetic storm of 9 July 1991, over a period of 42 min (0734 UT to 0816 UT) the LOMICS ion mass spectrometer observed an apparent O+ conic flowing away from the southern hemisphere with a bulk velocity that decreased exponentially with time from 300 km/s to 50 km/s, while its temperature also decreased exponentially from 700 to 5 eV. At the onset of the O+ conic, intense low-frequency electromagnetic wave activity and strong pitch-angle scattering were also observed. At the time of the observations the CRRES spacecraft was inbound at L\approx7.5 near dusk, magnetic local time (MLT), and at a magnetic latitude of -23°. Our analysis using several CRRES instruments suggests that the spacecraft was skimming along the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) when the upward-flowing ion conic arrived. The conic appears to have evolved in time, both slowing and cooling, due to wave-particle interactions. We are unable to conclude whether the conic was causally associated with spatial structures of the PSBL or the central plasma sheet.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 24 (2000), S. 277-291 
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: varves ; anoxia ; sediments ; Soppensee ; carbon cycle ; oxygen cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We analyzed seasonally aggregated observations of temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon from Soppensee (District of Lucerne, Switzerland) for the yrs 1980 to 1993. Holomictic Soppensee is characterized by a strong summer stratification with a thin epilimnion separated from an anoxic hypolimnion by a strong pycnocline formed by thermal and chemical gradients. A vertical one-dimensional model was developed to simulate the observed seasonal cycles of carbon and oxygen. The processes of net community production, mineralization of organic matter, precipitation and dissolution of calcite, gas exchange, in- and outflow, sedimentation and vertical eddy diffusion are included. According to the model, the annual net community production is estimated to about 110 g C m-2 yr-1 and the annual net primary production to about 330 to 440 g C m-2 yr-1, which is a typical value for eutrophic lakes. A mass balance of the carbon cycle indicates that most of the inflow comes from groundwater which is super-saturated with respect to atmospheric CO2. Therefore the surface waters exhibit a large capacity for calcite precipitation. The results of the model are used to constrain the conditions that favor the formation of varved sediments in Soppensee during thousands of yrs. Model calculations show that the deep waters would still turn anoxic even if the sedimentation rate of organic matter were decreased to 25%. Several physical factors such as biogenic stabilization of the deep waters due to calcite dissolution and low input of wind energy are responsible for the long term anoxia in Soppensee.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 94-94 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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