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  • Swiss Derivative Markets  (1)
  • numerical model
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  • 1
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: How could a small country in the middle of Europe, surrounded by much bigger countries and economic giants like Germany and France and in direct competition with North American and Asian rivals, develop world-class, cutting-edge financial markets? Swiss Finance answers this question, separating myth from reality, by explaining how Switzerland managed dramatic pressures brought to bear on its financial markets during the past two decades, perhaps none of them so great as the: · Competitive challenges caused by changes in Switzerland's banking secrecy laws and practices, · Shifting tide of new wealth generation toward Asia (e.g., China, Singapore, and South Korea), · Burdensome federal stamp and withholding taxes, and · Digitalization of the financial services industry, including cybersecurity, cryptocurrencies, smart contracts, central bank digital currencies, the FinTech revolution, and DLT applications. Swiss Finance thoroughly analyzes Swiss financial markets’ successes and challenges. It covers critical topics for practitioners and academics to fully understand this unique development in world financial markets and private wealth administration. ; Provides thorough coverage of Swiss financial markets, their development, status, and expected position in the global economy Discusses the dramatic changes that have taken place in global financial markets, which have affected Swiss financial governance, regulation, financial structures, and institutions Covers new topics such as financial digitalization, FinTech, the collaborative economy, the impact of cryptocurrencies, distributed ledger technologies, and smart contracts
    Keywords: Swiss Financial Markets ; Swiss Banking System ; Swiss Debt and Equity Markets ; Swiss Derivative Markets ; Swiss Institutional Investors ; Swiss Taxes ; Financial Digitalization ; the Swiss National Bank ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNS Hospitality and service industries ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KF Finance and accounting::KFF Finance and the finance industry
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Lahars are among the most hazardous mass flow processes on earth and have caused up to 23 000 casualties in single events in the recent past. The Cotopaxi volcano, 60 km southeast of Quito, has a well‐documented history of massively destructive lahars and is a hotspot for future lahars due to (i) its ~10 km2 glacier cap, (ii) its 117–147‐year return period of (Sub)‐Plinian eruptions, and (iii) the densely populated potential inundation zones (300 000 inhabitants). Previous mechanical lahar models often do not (i) capture the steep initial lahar trajectory, (ii) reproduce multiple flow paths including bifurcation and confluence, and (iii) generate appropriate key parameters like flow speed and pressure at the base as a measure of erosion capacity. Here, we back‐calculate the well‐documented 1877 lahar using the RAMMS debris flow model with an implemented entrainment algorithm, covering the entire lahar path from the volcano edifice to an extent of ~70 km from the source. To evaluate the sensitivity and to constrain the model input range, we systematically explore input parameter values, especially the Voellmy–Salm friction coefficients μ and ξ. Objective selection of the most likely parameter combinations enables a realistic and robust lahar hazard representation. Detailed historic records for flow height, flow velocity, peak discharge, travel time and inundation limits match best with a very low Coulomb‐type friction μ (0.0025–0.005) and a high turbulent friction ξ (1000–1400 m/s2). Finally, we apply the calibrated model to future eruption scenarios (Volcanic Explosivity Index = 2–3, 3–4, 〉4) at Cotopaxi and accordingly scaled lahars. For the first time, we anticipate a potential volume growth of 50–400% due to lahar erosivity on steep volcano flanks. Here we develop a generic Voellmy–Salm approach across different scales of high‐magnitude lahars and show how it can be used to anticipate future syneruptive lahars.
    Description: A generic model approach is developed to simulate massive syneruptive lahars at Cotopaxi from initiation on the steep volcano flanks to distal reaches. Evaluation of 14 calibration constraints shows that the Voellmy–Salm model reliably reproduces bulk behaviour of syneruptive lahars. Estimations of lahar erosivity on the volcano flanks anticipate an erosion‐related volume increase for future Cotopaxi lahars between 50 and 400%.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: 551 ; debris flow erosion ; lahar ; model calibration ; numerical model ; predictive modelling
    Type: article
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