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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: MSFC-E-DAA-TN27409 , Solar Energetic Particles (SEP) Solar Modulations and Space Radiation Workshop; Oct 18, 2015 - Oct 23, 2015; Honolulu, HI; United States
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The Advanced Cosmic-ray Composition Experiment for the Space Station (ACCESS) will investigate the origin, composition and acceleration mechanism of cosmic rays by measuring the elemental composition of the cosmic rays up to 10(exp 15) eV. These measurements will be made with a thin ionization calorimeter and a transition radiation detector. This paper reports studies of a thin sampling calorimeter concept for the ACCESS thin ionization calorimeter. For the past year, a Monte Carlo simulation study of a Thin Sampling Calorimeter (TSC) design has been conducted to predict the detector performance and to design the system for achieving the ACCESS scientific objectives. Simulation results show that the detector energy resolution function resembles a Gaussian distribution and the energy resolution of TSC is about 40%. In addition, simulations of the detector's response to an assumed broken power law cosmic ray spectra in the region where the 'knee' of the cosmic ray spectrum occurs have been conducted and clearly show that a thin sampling calorimeter can provide sufficiently accurate estimates of the spectral parameters to meet the science requirements of ACCESS. n
    Keywords: Space Radiation
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The CREME96 model has been available on the WWW for more than 10 years now. While principally for the estimation of radiation effects on spacecraft electronics, it contains space radiation environment models that have been used for instrument design calculations, estimation of instrumental background, estimation of radiation hazards and many other purposes. Because of the evolution of electronic part design we have found it necessary to revise CREME96, creating CREME-MC. As part of this revision, we are revising and extending the environmental models in CREME96. This talk will describe the revised radiation environment models that are being made available in CREME-MC
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: M10-0223 , M10-0769 , 38th Committee On SPAce Research (COSPAR)Scientific Assembly; Jul 18, 2010 - Jul 25, 2010; Bremen; Germany
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The presentation outline includes motivation, radiation transport codes being considered, space radiation cases being considered, results for slab geometry, results from spherical geometry, and summary. ///////// main physics in radiation transport codes hzetrn uprop fluka geant4, slab geometry, spe, gcr,
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: M10-0877 , 38th Scientific Assembly of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR); Jul 18, 2010 - Jul 25, 2010; Bremen; Germany
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: MSFC-E-DAA-TN29501 , Payload Operations and Integration Workshop; Jan 27, 2016; Huntsville, AL; United States
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: This Technical Memorandum covers revolutionary ideas for space radiation shielding that would mitigate mission costs while limiting human exposure, as studied in a workshop held at Marshall Space Flight Center at the request of NASA Headquarters. None of the revolutionary new ideas examined for the .rst time in this workshop showed clear promise. The workshop attendees felt that some previously examined concepts were de.nitely useful and should be pursued. The workshop attendees also concluded that several of the new concepts warranted further investigation to clarify their value.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: NASA/TM-2005-213688 , M-1133
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: A key factor affecting the technical feasibility and cost of missions to Mars or the Moon is the need to protect the crew from ionizing radiation in space. Some analyses indicate that large amounts of spacecraft shielding may be necessary for crew safety. The shielding requirements are driven by the need to protect the crew from Galactic cosmic rays (GCR). Recent research activities aimed at enabling manned exploration have included shielding materials studies. A major goal of this research is to develop accurate radiation transport codes to calculate the shielding effectiveness of materials and to develop effective shielding strategies for spacecraft design. Validation of these models and calculations must be addressed in a relevant radiation environment to assure their technical readiness and accuracy. Test data obtained in the deep space radiation environment can provide definitive benchmarks and yield uncertainty estimates of the radiation transport codes. The two approaches presently used for code validation are ground based testing at particle accelerators and flight tests in high-inclination low-earth orbits provided by the shuttle, free-flyer platforms, or polar-orbiting satellites. These approaches have limitations in addressing all the radiation-shielding issues of deep space missions in both technical and practical areas. An approach based on long duration high altitude polar balloon flights provides exposure to the galactic cosmic ray composition and spectra encountered in deep space at a lower cost and with easier and more frequent access than afforded with spaceflight opportunities. This approach also results in shorter development times than spaceflight experiments, which is important for addressing changing program goals and requirements.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications Conference Proceedings: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research; May 23, 2006 - May 25, 2006; Ann Arbor, MI; United States
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The ATIC balloon-borne experiment measures the energy spectra of elements from H to Fe in primary cosmic rays from about 100 GeV to 100 TeV. ATIC is comprised of a fully active bismuth germanate calorimeter, a carbon target with embedded scintillator hodoscopes, and a silicon matrix that is used as a main charge detector. The silicon matrix produces good charge resolution for the protons and helium but only a partial resolution for heavier nuclei. In the present paper a charge resolution of ATIC device was essentially improved and backgrounds were reduced in the region from Be to Si by means of the upper layer of the scintillator hodoscope that was used as an additional charge detector together with the silicon matrix. The flux ratios of nuclei B/C, O/C, N/C in the energy region from about 10 GeV/nucleon to 300 GeV/nucleon that were obtained from new high-resolution and high-quality charge spectra of nuclei are presented. The results are compared with existing theoretical predictions.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: MSFC-315 , International Cosmic Ray Conference 2007; Jul 03, 2007 - Jul 11, 2007; Merida, Yucatan; Mexico
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We have performed a detailed Monte Carlo (MC) simulation for the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) detector using the MC code FLUKA-2006 which is capable of simulating particles up to 10 PeV. The ATIC detector has completed two successful balloon flights from McMurdo, Antarctica lasting a total of more than 35 days. ATIC is designed as a multiple, long duration balloon flight, investigation of the cosmic ray spectra from below 50 GeV to near 100 TeV total energy; using a fully active Bismuth Germanate(BGO) calorimeter. It is equipped with a large mosaic of.silicon detector pixels capable of charge identification, and, for particle tracking, three projective layers of x-y scintillator hodoscopes, located above, in the middle and below a 0.75 nuclear interaction length graphite target. Our simulations are part of an analysis package of both nuclear (A) and energy dependences for different nuclei interacting in the ATIC detector. The MC simulates the response of different components of the detector such as the Si-matrix, the scintillator hodoscopes and the BGO calorimeter to various nuclei. We present comparisons of the FLUKA-2006 MC calculations with GEANT calculations and with the ATIC CERN data and ATIC flight data.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: MSFC-322 , MSFC-388 , 2007 International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 03, 2007 - Jul 11, 2007; Merida, Yucatan; Mexico
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