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  • 1
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    Relationship Between Solution Shear Viscosity and Density at the Saturation Point (1996)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Properties of supersaturated solutions such as the density, viscosity, and solute diffusivity are dependent on the solute concentration. The diffusion-boundary-layer equations are derived and solved for the natural convection case with the viscosity and density dependent on the solute concentration. The solution obtained demonstrates that, at the vicinity of the saturation concentration c(sub s), there is a non-trivial dependence of the solution viscosity eta on its density rho: eta(c(sub s)) = eta(rho(sub s)) varies as rho(sub s)(exp 1/2), where rho(sub s) = rho(c(sub s)). This result has been verified in experiments with aqueous solutions of inorganic and organic salts.
    Keywords: Solid-State Physics
    Type: NASA-CR-204750 , NAS 1.26:204750 , Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 166; 261-265
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  • 2
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    Metastable Solution Thermodynamic Properties and Crystal Growth Kinetics (1996)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The crystal growth rates of NH4H2PO4, KH2PO4, (NH4)2SO4, KAl(SO4)2 central dot 12H2O, NaCl, and glycine and the nucleation rates of KBr, KCl, NaBr central dot 2H2O, (NH4)2Cl, and (NH4)2SO4 were expressed in terms of the fundamental driving force of crystallization calculated from the activity of supersaturated solutions. The kinetic parameters were compared with those from the commonly used kinetic expression based on the concentration difference. From the viewpoint of thermodynamics, rate expressions based on the chemical potential difference provide accurate kinetic representation over a broad range of supersaturation. The rates estimated using the expression based on the concentration difference coincide with the true rates of crystallization only in the concentration range of low supersaturation and deviate from the true kinetics as the supersaturation increases.
    Keywords: Solid-State Physics
    Type: NASA-CR-204838 , NAS 1.26:204838 , Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. (ISSN 0888-5885); 35; 1078-1084
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  • 3
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    Thermodynamic Studies of Levitated Microdroplets of Highly Supersaturated Electrolyte Solutions (1996)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Highly supersaturated electrolyte solutions are studied by employing an electrodynamic levitator trap (ELT) technique. The ELT technique involves containerless suspension of a microdroplet thus eliminating dust, dirt, and container walls which normally cause heterogeneous nucleation. This allows very high supersaturations to be achieved. A theoretical study of the experimental results obtained for the water activity in microdroplets of various electrolyte solutions is based on the development of the Cahn-Hilliard formalism for electrolyte solutions. A correspondence of 96-99% between the theory and experiment for the all solutions studied was achieved and allowed the determination of an analytical expression for the spinodal concentration n(sub spin) and its calculation for various electrolyte solutions at 298 K.
    Keywords: Solid-State Physics
    Type: NASA-CR-204749 , NAS 1.26:204749 , Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 166; 981-988
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  • 4
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    Concentration Dependence of Solution Shear Viscosity and Solute Mass Diffusivity in Crystal Growth from Solutions (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The physical properties of a supersaturated binary solution such as its density rho, shear viscosity eta, and solute mass diffusivity D are dependent on the solute concentration c: rho = rho(c), eta = eta(c), and D = D(c). The diffusion boundary layer equations related to crystal growth from solution are derived for the case of natural convection with a solution density, a shear viscosity, and a solute diffusivity that are all depen- dent on solute concentration. The solution of these equations has demonstrated the following. (1) At the vicinity of the saturation concentration c(sub s) the solution shear viscosity eta depends on rho as eta(sub s) = eta(rho(sub s))varies as square root of rho(c(sub s)). This theoretically derived result has been verified in experiments with several aqueous solutions of inorganic and organic salts. (2) The maximum solute mass transfer towards the growing crystal surface can be achieved for values of c where the ratio of d ln(D(c)/dc) to d ln(eta(c)/dc) is a maximum.
    Keywords: Solid-State Physics
    Type: NASA-CR-204761 , NAS 1.26:204761 , Physical Review E (ISSN 1063-651X); 52; 1; 805-812
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