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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in maternal investment in a small cervid; the effects of cohort, sex, litter size and time of birth in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) fawns (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 109 (1996), S. 74-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Postnatal growth rates ; Litter size ; Timing of birth ; Capreolus capreolus ; Maternal investment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We investigated the effects of cohort, sex, litter size and time of birth on birth weights and postnatal growth rates of roe deer fawns in a highly reproductive Norwegian population. By repeatedly recapturing radio-collared individuals, a total of 950 weights were obtained from 231 fawns of known age. In accordance with earlier studies, there was a period of linear growth during the first month following birth. Mean postnatal growth rates of 155 g/day are the highest yet recorded for roe deer; however, the mean birth weights of fawns were lower than those reported from populations in continental Europe. During the period of linear growth, we found no sex differences. However, growth rates were affected both by time of birth and litter size; fawns born early had lower growth rates than fawns born during or after the peak calving period, and fawns in triplet – groups had lower growth rates than either fawns in twin – groups or single fawns. Despite a fourfold increase in population density during the study, this factor was not able to explain variation in postnatal growth rates, although cohort effects on birth weight were evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050060
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contradictory findings in studies of sex ratio variation in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) (1999)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 45 (1999), S. 339-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Local resource competition ; Maternal care ; Roe deer ; Sex ratio ; Trivers and Willard model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Patterns of sex ratio variation and maternal investment reported in the literature are often inconsistent. This could be due to intra- and inter-specific variation in social systems, but may also be a result of the a posteriori nature of much of this type of analysis or the testing of models which are inappropriate. Two recent papers reported directly opposed results concerning variation in offspring sex ratios in relation to maternal condition in roe deer, interpreting the results as support for the Trivers and Willard model and for the local resource competition hypothesis, respectively. In this paper, we present data on offspring sex ratios and early juvenile body weight from two long-term studies of this species to test predictions arising from these two models concerning sex biases in litter composition and maternal care. First, we observed no consistent pattern of sex differences in an index of weaning weight or body weight at 1 month old in either population, indicating a lack of sex bias in maternal care. However, in one population, higher maternal body weight was associated with higher juvenile body weight of daughters, but not of sons. Secondly, we found a negative, but not statistically significant, relationship between maternal body weight and litter sex ratio such that heavier females tended to produce more daughters and lighter females to produce more sons. These results indicate that roe females which have additional investment potential available do not invest it in sons, as predicted by the Trivers and Willard model. Our results may provide some support that roe deer are subject to local resource competition acting at the level of the individual mother; however, the fact that particular trends in sex ratio data can be explained in functional terms provides no indication that they are actually adaptive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050569
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