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  • 1
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    Validation of multi-temperature nozzle flow code NOZNT (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A computer code NOZNT (Nozzle in n-Temperatures), which calculates one-dimensional flows of partially dissociated and ionized air in an expanding nozzle, is tested against five existing sets of experimental data. The code accounts for: a) the differences among various temperatures, i.e., translational-rotational temperature, vibrational temperatures of individual molecular species, and electron-electronic temperature, b) radiative cooling, and c) the effects of impurities. The experimental data considered are: 1) the sodium line reversal and 2) the electron temperature and density data, both obtained in a shock tunnel, and 3) the spectroscopic emission data, 4) electron beam data on vibrational temperature, and 5) mass-spectrometric species concentration data, all obtained in arc-jet wind tunnels. It is shown that the impurities are most likely responsible for the observed phenomena in shock tunnels. For the arc-jet flows, impurities are inconsequential and the NOZNT code is validated by numerically reproducing the experimental data.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 93-2862 , AIAA, Thermophysics Conference; Jul 06, 1993 - Jul 09, 1993; Orlando, FL; United States|; 11 p.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Atmospheric entry of Mars-return nuclear-powered vehicles due to accidental termination of operations (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The entry of nuclear reactors into Earth's atmosphere resulting from an accidental or inadvertent abort of a space vehicle powered by nuclear-thermal rockets is investigated. The study is made for a typical piloted Mars mission vehicle incapacitated by an accident or malfunction during the Earth-arrival phase of the Mars-return journey due to simultaneous, multiple failures of its component systems. A single accident/abort scenario resulting in three entry possibilities is considered for a nominal hyperbolic in-bound approach velocity of 8 km/sec. The most severe case involving a direct entry is then analyzed over a broad range of approach velocities extending to 12 km/sec to include sprint-type missions. The results indicate that the severe surface heating, stagnation pressures, and g-loads are greater than 150 kW/sq cm, 300 atm, and 800-g, respectively. The wall heat transfer rate exceeds the value that can be accommodated by a carbon heatshield through radiation equilibrium prior to sublimation at 5500 K. These conditions are beyond our previous experience in crew safety, structural design, and thermal protection.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 93-2501 , ; 14 p.|AIAA, SAE, ASME, and ASEE, Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit; Jun 28, 1993 - Jun 30, 1993; Monterey, CA; United States
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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