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  • 1
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    Space nuclear reactor shields for manned and unmanned applications (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Missions which use nuclear reactor power systems require radiation shielding of payload and/or crew areas to predetermined dose rates. Since shielding can become a significant fraction of the total mass of the system, it is of interest to show the effect of various parameters on shield thickness and mass for manned and unmanned applications. Algorithms were developed to give the thicknesses needed if reactor thermal power, separation distances, and dose rates are given as input. The thickness algorithms were combined with models for four different shield geometries to allow tradeoff studies of shield volume and mass for a variety of manned and unmanned missions. Shield design tradeoffs presented in this study include the effects of: higher allowable dose rates; radiation hardened electronics; shorter crew exposure times; shield geometry; distance of the payload and/or crew from the reactor; and changes in the size of the shielded area. Specific NASA missions that were considered in this study include unmanned outer planetary exploration, manned advanced/evolutionary Space Station, and advanced manned lunar base.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Space Power - Resources, Manufacturing and Development (ISSN 0883-6272); 9; 1, 19; 57-65
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Trade studies for nuclear space power systems (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: As visions of space applications expand and as probes extend further and further out into the universe, the need for power also expands, and missions evolve which are enabled by nuclear power. A broad spectrum of missions which are enhanced or enabled by nuclear power sources are defined. These include earth orbital platforms, deep space platforms, planetary exploration and extraterrestrial resource exploration. The recently proposed Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) to the moon and Mars has more clearly defined these missions and their power requirements. This paper presents results of recent studies of radioisotope and nuclear-reactor energy sources combined with various energy-conversion devices for earth orbital applications, SEI lunar/Mars rover and surface power, and planetary exploration.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 91-3518
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Space reactor power system programs overview (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The present development history and current development status evaluation of space reactor power system technologies gives attention to subsystem and component readiness and performance, and assesses the technology data base available in each case. This data base characterization gives attention to the most compatible reactor-power conversion system combinations for prospective DOD and commercial missions, as well as NASA missions. Candidate systems for near, middle, and far term application are selected and prioritized on the basis of technical risk. The programs covered encompass SNAPs 1, 2, 8, and 10A, SNAP 50, and SP-100.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 92-1558
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    A feasibility assessment of installation, operation and disposal options for nuclear reactor power system concepts for a NASA growth space station (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A preliminary feasibility assessment of the integration of reactor power system concepts with a projected growth space station architecture was conducted to address a variety of installation, operational disposition, and safety issues. A previous NASA sponsored study, which showed the advantages of space station - attached concepts, served as the basis for this study. A study methodology was defined and implemented to assess compatible combinations of reactor power installation concepts, disposal destinations, and propulsion methods. Three installation concepts that met a set of integration criteria were characterized from a configuration and operational viewpoint, with end-of-life disposal mass identified. Disposal destinations that met current aerospace nuclear safety criteria were identified and characterized from an operational and energy requirements viewpoint, with delta-V energy requirement as a key parameter. Chemical propulsion methods that met current and near-term application criteria were identified and payload mass and delta-V capabilities were characterized. These capabilities were matched against concept disposal mass and destination delta-V requirements to provide the feasibility of each combination.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-TM-89923 , E-3622 , NAS 1.15:89923
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Space nuclear reactor shields for manned and unmanned applications (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Missions which use nuclear reactor power systems require radiation shielding of payload and/or crew areas to predetermined dose rates. Since shielding can become a significant fraction of the total mass of the system, it is of interest to show the effect of various parameters on shield thickness and mass for manned and unmanned applications. Algorithms were developed to give the thicknesses needed if reactor thermal power, separation distances, and dose rates are given as input. The thickness algorithms were combined with models for four different shield geometries to allow tradeoff studies of shield volume and mass for a variety of manned and unmanned missions. Shield design tradeoffs presented in this study include the effects of: higher allowable dose rates; radiation hardened electronics; shorter crew exposure times; shield geometry; distance of the payload and/or crew from the reactor; and changes in the size of the shielded area. Specific NASA missions that were considered in this study include unmanned outer planetary exploration, manned advanced/evolutionary space station, and advanced manned lunar base.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-TM-102064 , E-4821 , NAS 1.15:102064 , International Conference on Space Power; Jun 05, 1989 - Jun 07, 1989; Cleveland, OH; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Nuclear power technology requirements for NASA exploration missions (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: It is pointed out that future exploration of the moon and Mars will mandate developments in many areas of technology. In particular, major advances will be required in planet surface power systems. Critical nuclear technology challenges that can enable strategic self-sufficiency, acceptable operational costs, and cost-effective space transportation goals for NASA exploration missions have been identified. Critical technologies for surface power systems include stationary and mobile nuclear reactor and radioisotope heat sources coupled to static and dynamic power conversion devices. These technologies can provide dramatic reductions in mass, leading to operational and transportation cost savings. Critical technologies for space transportation systems include nuclear thermal rocket and nuclear electric propulsion options, which present compelling concepts for significantly reducing mass, cost, or travel time required for Earth-Mars transport.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 12, 1990 - Aug 17, 1990; Reno, NV; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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