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  • 1
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A semiquantitative analysis of clearing in the 1971 great dust storm on Mars is presented as a function of time and altitude, using Mariner 9 orange- and visual-light photos. Steady settling of dust approximately accounts for the decline of the storm after Dec. 22, 1971. Continuous settling cannot be invoked prior to that date; injection of dust into the atmosphere, i.e., a storm resurgence, occurred in mid-December 1971. Theoretical models of optical depth vs time are developed for various distributions of particles in the atmosphere. By interpreting settling in terms of Stokes' law, estimates of the maximum radii of dust particles throughout the atmosphere have been obtained. Models which best account for the dust-storm decline indicate particles less than 5 microns in diameter high in the atmosphere, with a concentration of larger particles near the ground in the lowest parts of Mars.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Icarus; 21; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Monte Carlo relaxation method for physically self consistent model stellar atmospheres, discussing stability, accuracy and convergence of solution
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: ; ACE(
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The ring system around Saturn is discussed. Exploration of the rings is required for an understanding of their origin and the hazard they represent to spacecraft near Saturn. In addition the rings may provide useful clues to the origin of the solar system. This study examines the problem of ring system exploration and recommends a sequence of missions which will collect the data required.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-132952 , M-31
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Reliable data defining the photometric function of the Saturn ring system at visual (V) wavelengths are interpreted in terms of a simple scattering model. To facilitate the analysis, new photographic photometry of the ring has been carried out utilizing the Lowell observatory plate collection. Homogeneous measurements of the mean surface brightness (rings A and B together), covering almost the complete range in planetocentric solar declination angle, are presented. The ring model adopted is a plane-parallel slab of isotropically scattering particles; the single scattering albedo and the perpendicular optical thickness are both arbitrary. Results indicate that primary scattering is inadequate to describe the photometric properties of the ring; multiple scattering predominates for all angles of tilt with respect to the Sun and Earth.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 78; Feb. 197
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Simultaneous two-color photoelectric photometry of Io and Europa performed during their eclipse by Jupiter on the night of April 5/6, 1971, is reported and discussed. The results are compared with satellite radii obtained using other observational techniques. It is concluded that the eclipse technique can be used to infer satellite radii accurate to plus or minus 10 per cent. In principle the eclipse technique can also be applied to the satellites of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune for early objective determinations of their radii.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Lowell Observatory Bulletin no. 156; 1971
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  • 6
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: New measurements of the equivalent widths of the 4.0 S(0) and S(1) H2 quadrupole lines in the Uranian spectrum have been obtained using high dispersion (4.12 A/mm) image-tube spectrography. The measured equivalent widths are 62 plus or minus 19 mA and 58 plus or minus 13 mA for the S(0) and S(1) lines, respectively. Curve-of-growth analysis in terms of a reflecting layer model yields an H2 column density of 780 (+940 or -330) km amagat and a temperature of 78 (+80 or -24) K. Interpretation using a semiinfinite, homogeneous, isotropically scattering model for line formation yields a scattering mean free path at 6400 A of 550 plus or minus 250 km amagat. Quoted errors for both the H2 column density and the scattering mean free path include the effect of uncertainty in the choice of atmospheric temperature. The results are discussed in terms of current models for the Uranian atmosphere.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Icarus; 20; Dec. 197
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Further simultaneous two-color photoelectric photometry of Ganymede was carried out at blue (4500 A) and yellow (5790 A) wavelengths during its eclipse by Jupiter on Mar. 10, 1971. In both colors, the shape of the ingress light curve was again reliably determined for extinctions up to 9 mag. Neither curve showed any evidence of a refraction tail. The observations have been interpreted in terms of the local optical transmission properties of the Jovian atmosphere. At gas number densities of about 5 x 10 to the 18th power per cu cm the maximum photon scattering mean free path at visual wavelengths was 47 km atm. Evidence indicates that neither a simple reflecting-layer model or a semiinfinite homogeneous scattering model provides an adequate physical description of the atmosphere.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Icarus; 17; Aug. 197
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Objectives and payload requirements for composite orbiter/lander missions to satellites of outer planets
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-117428 , IITRI-M-25
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  • 9
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Intensity variation across Uranus disk during limb darkening-brightening cycles observations to test cloud absence theory, predicting limb brightening in methane bands
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 179; Feb. 1
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Jupiter atmosphere physical properties inferred from photometry of Galilean satellite eclipses
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TR-R-345
    Format: application/pdf
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