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  • 1
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    Columbia/Einstein observations of galactic X-ray sources (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The imaging observations of galactic clusters are presented. These fall into three categories: pre-main-sequence stars in the Orion nebulae, isolated-main-and-post main-sequence stars, and supernova remnants SNR. In addition to SNR, approximately 30 sources were detected.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: CONTRIB-179 , NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center HEAO Sci. Symp.; p 422-438
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  • 2
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    A search for X-ray polarization in cosmic X-ray sources (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Fifteen strong X-ray sources were observed by the X-ray polarimeters on board the OSO-8 satellite from 1975 to 1978. The final results of this search for X-ray polarization in cosmic sources are presented in the form of upper limits for the ten sources which are discussed elsewhere. These limits in all cases are consistent with a thermal origin for the X-ray emission.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-CR-173635 , NAS 1.26:173635
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  • 3
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    Neutron-induced 2.2 MeV background in gamma ray telescopes (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Neutron-induced gamma ray production is an important source of background in Compton scatter gamma ray telescopes where organic scintillator material is used. Most important is deuteron formation when atmospheric albedo and locally produced neutrons are thermalized and subsequently absorbed in the hydrogenous material. The resulting 2.2 MeV gamma ray line radiation essentially represents a continuous isotropic source within the scintillator itself. Interestingly, using a scintillator material with a high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio to minimize the scintillator material with a high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio to minimize the neutron-induced 4.4 MeV carbon line favors the np reaction. The full problem of neutron-induced background in Compton scatter telescopes has been previously discussed. Results are presented of observations with the University of California balloon-borne Compton scatter telescope where the 2.2 MeV induced line emission is prominently seen.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-9.3-6 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 3; p 375-378; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-3
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  • 4
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    Gamma ray polarimetry (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Spectroscopic instruments currently being proposed may possess polarimetric capabilities which sould be nurtured and enhanced to permit characterization of basic emission mechanisms which are impossible using other techniques. Compton scattering and pair production detected the polarization of high energy (E is greater than 50 keV) protons in laboratory experiments. The polarization properties of a detection system consisting of 19 germanium crystals in a closed packed array are examined and the advantages of such a detector over Thompson scattering are discussed. The possiblity of using pair production to detect polarization of high energy gamma rays, and the associated modulation factors are discussed. The central difficulty involved in using pair production polarimeters in astrophysical applications is that the typical opening of the electron or positron direction with respect to the incident photon aircitron is small, of order E/sq mc. Multiple scattering in the material used to convert the photons to an electron positron pair causes deviations in the direction of the electron and positron.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: CONTRIB-156 , NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Gamma Ray Spectry. in Astrophys.; p 484-491
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  • 5
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    Observations of 1-30 MeV gamma rays from the galactic center (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Preliminary results are reported for gamma ray observations of the galactic center region made during a 15-hour balloon flight from Alice Springs, Australia on April 18, 1979. The observations were carried out with the UGR double-scatter gamma-ray telescope at energies of 1 to 30 MeV. The observations are compatible with a galactic source of approximately equal brightness along the region of system II galactic longitudes between 300 and 60 deg. The energy distribution joins smoothly to previous spark chamber results at energies above 30 MeV and to scintillator results below 1 MeV. It appears to be a combination of nuclear gamma ray lines superimposed on a power-law bremsstrahlung spectrum. The metastable C-12 line at 4.4 MeV appears to be present with a significance of about 16 standard deviations. The flux in the line is 0.0006 + or - 0.0003 photons/sq cm per sec per rad. The oxygen line at 6.1 MeV does not seem to appear significantly above background.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 6
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    A study of four soft X-ray enhancements (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Four enhanced regions of diffuse X-ray emission are studied in the 0.15-2 KeV band. Two regions are consistent with clouds of plasma with a temperature of 1 million K about 50 pc in diameter at a distance of 150 pc. These clouds require a particle density of only a factor of 3 above an ambient hot component which may fill a substantial portion of the galactic disk in the vicinity of the sun. Another region near Eridanus is consistent with a low integrated amount of atomic hydrogen along the direction of observation, thereby permitting a greater path length of plasma to contribute to the observed flux. Finally, an extended region in Centaurus shows a temperature of about 20 million K and may be an old supernova remnant expanding into a low-density region of the galactic disk.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 212
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Cross correlation analysis of medium energy gamma rays for the Northern Hemisphere (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In the cross correlation method the observed gamma rays are compared with the expected telescope response for a discrete celestial source. The background consists of the atmospheric flux with its maximum near the horizon, the cosmic diffuse flux, and neutron induced gamma rays in the telescope. In sharp contrast to the background, a celestial source produces an asymmetric azimuthal response which varies predictably in time as the source moves through the telescope's aperture. This contrast serves as the basis of the cross correlation technique. Continuous data of 47.5 hr were obtained during a balloon flight from Palestine, TX from 0930 UT on September 30, 1978 to 2300 UT on October 1, 1978. The Crab Nebula-Anticenter region was observed on two consecutive days. A number of other medium energy source candidates also crossed the field-of-view. The obtained results are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
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  • 8
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    Observation of soft X-ray emission from a region near Per X-1 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Soft X-ray emission from the X-ray source Per X-1 was observed in the 0.4-2 keV energy interval from a rocket-borne X-ray detector. Spectral analysis of the data indicates that in the 0.4-2 keV band the X-ray emission from Per X-1 can be fitted either with a power law or a steep thermal bremsstrahlung spectrum. This steep spectrum is inconsistent with the spectrum measured above 2 keV. The measured flux in 0.4-2 keV band corresponds to X-ray luminosity of 3 times 10 to the 45th ergs per second for Per X-1.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 28; May 1974
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  • 9
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    Soft X-rays from the Large Magellanic Cloud - Implications on the origin of the diffuse X-ray background (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A total soft X-ray luminosity of approximately 10 to the 38th power ergs/s was observed from the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) during pointed rocket observations in November 1973. Simple spectral parameters are derived and discussed. Upper limits at 1 KeV to several known LMC point sources are presented. A diffuse bar source reported previously was not detected. Strong limits are placed on the fraction of halo and extragalactic diffuse X-ray flux observed in the direction of the LMC due to the lack of correlation of the 0.25-KeV diffuse flux with interstellar hydrogen in the Galaxy and in the LMC.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 206; June 1
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  • 10
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    Gamma rays of 1-30 MeV from the Galactic Center Region (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Preliminary results are reported for gamma rays from the Galactic Center Region at 1-30 MeV made with a balloon-borne double Compton scatter gamma ray telescope. The Compton scatter angle, energy, and arrival time of the incident gamma ray and direction of the Compton scattered secondary for downward-moving gamma rays were measured. The handling of the data is described, and the results of Monte Carlo simulation angular resolutions and absolute efficiencies for different zenith angles of incident gamma rays are given. A contour sky map of the weighted fluxes for a southern sky region is shown whose primary feature is a significant enhancement in the Galactic Center Region. It is concluded that several discrete sources contribute to broaden the maximum in the horizontal or RA direction. Less broadening is indicated along the galactic plane.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 22, 1983 - Sep 03, 1983; Bangalore; India
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