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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic acids and prolonged nitrogenase activity by non-growing, free-living Rhizobium japonicum (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 122 (1979), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhizobium japonicum ; Nitrogenase activity ; Nitrogen fixation ; Organic acids ; Cell-morphology ; Bacteroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rhizobium japonicum 61-A-101 grew and fixed nitrogen more effectively on media containing an organic acid and a pentose sugar than on media containing only one of these carbon sources. Peak specific activities in the range 10–15 nmol C2H4 · h-1 · mg protein-1 were found for these organisms in a spot of growth about 1 cm diameter on agar surfaces exposed to air. Increasing concentrations of the organic acids (succinate or malonate) in a medium containing arabinose resulted in longer lasting activity. The inclusion of a third carbon source, glycerol, gave activity which remained at the maximum from about the 8 to the 18 day after inoculation although no growth of the bacteria occurs during the last 8 or 10 days. At low concentration of organic acid l-arabinose was a much better carbon source for supporting nitrogenase activity of these organisms that the d-form. Both organic acids affected the morphology of the bacteria. Higher concentrations, especially of malonate, gave swollen and distorted cells. When bacteria growing on organic acid-containing agar plates were suspended and plated after appropriate dilution on yeast extract — mannitolglycerol agar there was heterogeneity of colony form, with up to 90% microcolonies after growth on high malonate concentrations. The effects of malonate may be correlated with characteristics of the bacteroid form inside the nodule which contains relatively high concentrations of organic acids, especially malonate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411354
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of specific nitrogenase activity inAzospirillum brasilense andKlebsiella pneumoniae, inhibition inRhizobium japonicum under air by phenol (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Rhizobium japonicum ; Nitrogenase enhancement ; Phenol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Specific nitrogenase activity inAzospirillum brasilense ATCC 29145 in surface cultures under air is enhanced from about 50 nmol C2H4·mg protein-1·h-1 to 400 nmol C2H4 by the addition of 1 mM phenol. 0.5 and 2 mM phenol added increase the rate 5-fold and 4-fold. This enhancement effect is observed only between 2 and 3 days after inoculation, with only a small reduction of the growth of the cells by the phenol added. In surface cultures under 1% O2, nitrogenase activity is slightly reduced by the addition of 1–0.01 mM phenol. Utilization of succinate is enhanced during the period of maximum enhancement of nitrogenase activity by 60% by addition of 1 mM phenol. The cells did not produce14CO2 from [U-14C] phenol, neither in surface cultures nor in liquid cultures and less than 0.1% of the phenol was incorporated into the cells. A smaller but significant enhancement of nitrogenase activity by about 100% in surface cultures under air was found withKlebsiella pneumoniae K 11 after addition of 1 mM phenol. However, inRhizobium japonicum 61-A-101 all phenol concentrations above 0.01 mM reduced nitrogenase activity. With 1 mM phenol added activity was reduced to less than 10% with no effect on the growth in the same cultivation system. With thisRhizobium japonicum strain significant quantities of phenol (25 μmol in 24 h by 2·1012 cells) were metabolized to14CO2, with phenol as sole carbon source. WithAzospirillum brasilense in liquid culture under 1% and 2% O2 in the gas phase, no enhancement of nitrogenase activity by phenol was noticed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690817
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of the β-ketoadipate pathway in Rhizobium japonicum and bacteroids by succinate (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1985), S. 375-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacteroids ; Catabolite repression ; p-Hydroxybenzoate ; Phenol catabolism ; Rhizobium japonicum ; Soybean root nodules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rhizobium japonicum 61-A-101 and its bacteroids catabolize phenol and p-hydroxybenzoate. With phenol as a carbon source, utilization started only after a prolonged lag phase while p-hydroxybenzoate was almost instantancously metabolized. Succinate, which supports rapid growth of Rhizobium japonicum, completely repressed respication of phenol; the oxidation of p-hydroxybenzoate was partially inhibited. Pyruvate, supporting slower growth than succinate, retarded the onset of phenol consumption but did not affect its maximum rate. Catabolite repression of phenol utilization by succinate appears to be a characteristic feature of rhizobia. In Pseudomonas putida which also actively metabolizes phenol, succinate had no effect on phenol utilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446981
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive growth of slow growingRhizobium japonicum against fast growingEnterobacter andPseudomonas species at low concentrations of succinate and other substrates in dialysis culture (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 142 (1985), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Dialysis culture ; Enterobacter ; Growth rates ; Pseudomonas ; Rhizobium japonicum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cultivation system with simultaneous growth of six bacterial cultures in separate bags in dialysis culture was developed. In a medium with no added carbon source (one half concentrated Hoagland solution, water deionized and distilled), cell number ofRhizobium japonicum increased during a 7 day period by a factor of 35, whereas the number ofEnterobacter aerogenes cells decreased to one half. With a concentration of 100 nM succinate as an additional carbon source in the inflow,Rhizobium japonicum 61-A-101 cell number increased by a factor of 50 during an 8 day period, whereas cell number ofEnterobacter cloacae NCTC 10005 only doubled and ofEnterobacter aerogenes NCTC 10006 decreased. At 10 mM concentration of succinate in the inflow, doubling time the twoEnterobacter strains was about 12 h, compared to about 24 h for theRhizobium japonicum strain. Varying the succinate concentration from 10 mM to 100 nM in the inflow,Rhizobium japonicum 61-A-101 surpassed theEnterobacter aerogenes strains in the growth rate between 1 mM and 100 μM succinate in the inflowing medium. Three otherRhizobium japonicum strains (fix+ and fix-) did grow with a similar rate as strain 61-A-101 at very low concentrations of substrate. Growth rates for the strains were confirmed by protein data per culture. Growing in competition with twoPseudomonas strains,Rhizobium japonicum RH 31 Marburg (fix-) did overgrow alsoPseudomonas fluorescens, was however outgrown byPseudomonas putida. In utilizing low concentrations of a14C labelled organic acid (malonate), three strains ofRhizobium japonicum left 2–4 times smaller amounts of14C in the medium than two species ofPseudomonas and two species ofArthrobacter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693394
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