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  • Reproduction  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clasper control in the round stingray,Urolapkus halleri lower sensor motor pathways (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 38 (1993), S. 219-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Nerves ; Spinal cord ; Electrical stimulation ; Reproduction ; Mating ; Copulation ; Motor neuron ; Elasmobranch ; Rays ; Sharks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The innervation of the clasper has been studied in the round stingray,Urolophus halleri. Several large myelinated nerves (diameters approx. 0.7 mm; # 60–64 counting from the vagus) innervate the clasper muscles and skin. Low level electrical stimulation (〈100μA) of the nerves evokes clasper movements including: elevation, medial and lateral extension, rotation and opening. Stimulation of the spinal cord in the area of the roots of the clasper nerves also evoked the movements (〈100μA). Retrograde labeling of the clasper nerves using either cobalt-lysine or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) confirmed that motor neurons and sensory components of the nerves are at the levels indicated by stimulation. The motor neurons have large multipolar cell bodies (50–70μ) and occupy a discrete segment of the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00842918
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pathways and reproductive control in elasmobranchs (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 38 (1993), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Terminal nerve ; Midbrain ; Immunocytochemistry ; Reproduction ; Brain ; Sharks ; Rays ; Skates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Immunoreactive (ir) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is localized in many neurons of the terminal nerve (TN) and midbrain tegmentum, while few ir-cells are observed in the preoptic area and ventral hypothalamus. The paucity of preoptic ir-cells may relate to an unusual feature of the elasmobranch pituitary, i.e. a lack of portal control of gonadotropin-producing cells. TN and midbrain GnRH-ir neurons may be major sources of GnRH used to modulate or otherwise control both pituitary and brain cells via delivery through the systemic circulation. These ir-nuclei also appear to directly innervate CNS regions (the preoptic area, habenula and clasper control area of the spinal cord) involved in sexual functions. Important regulatory mechanisms, represented by interactions between GnRH pathways and sex-steroid concentrating neurons, are likely to occur in the preoptic area, habenula and midbrain tegmentum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00842917
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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