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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comprehensive Investigation of Yttrium and Rare Earth Element Complexation by Carbonate Ions Using ICP–Mass Spectrometry (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 27 (1998), S. 803-815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Rare earth ; complexation ; carbonate ; ICP–MS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Carbonate stability constants for yttrium and all rare earth elements have been determined at 25°C and 0.70 molal ionic strength by solvent exchange and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). Measured stability constants for the formation of $${\text{MCO}}_3^ +$$ and $${\text{M}}\left( {{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}} } \right)_2^--$$ from M3+ are in good agreement with previous direct measurements, which involved the use of radio-chemical techniques and trivalent ions of Y, Ce, Eu, Gd, Tb, and Yb. Direct ICP–MS measurements of $${\text{MCO}}_3^ +$$ and $${\text{M}}\left( {{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}} } \right)_2^--$$ formation constants are also in general agreement with modeled stability constants for the metals La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu, based on linear-free energy relationship (LFER). The experimental procedures developed in this work can be used for assessing the complexation behavior of other geochemically important ligands such as phosphate, sulfate, and fluoride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022677119835
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Ionic Strength Dependence of Rare Earth and Yttrium Fluoride Complexation at 25°C (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 29 (2000), S. 1089-1099 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Rare earth elements ; fluoride complexation ; stability constants ; sodium perchlorate ; ionic strength ; lanthanide ; yttrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Formation constants for the complexation of yttrium and rare earth elements(YREE) by fluoride ions have been measured at 25°C. The ionic strength (μ)dependence of YREE formation constants in perchlorate solution for ionicstrengths between 0 and 6 molar can be expressed aslogFβ1 (M, μ) =logFβ1 o (M) −3.066 μ0.5/(1 + 1.769 μ0.5)+ 0.1645 μwhere logFβ1 o(M) represents MF2+formation constants at zero ionic strength.The logFβ1 o(M) results obtained inthis work are: Y(4.46), La(3.62), Ce(3.86),Pr(3.84), Nd(3.82), Sm(4.15), Eu(4.27), Gd(4.24), Tb(4.37), Dy(4.39), Ho(4.28),Er(4.27), Tm(4.29), Yb(4.39), and Lu(4.25). The relative magnitudes of YREEformation constants are independent of ionic strength. The pattern oflogFβ1(M,μ),formation constants obtained in this work [relative magnitudes oflogFβ1 o (M)],exhibits a shallow minimum between Dy and Yb. In contrast to the smoothpattern of stability constants expected if fluoride were to interact with bare ions(with monotonically decreasing crystal radii between La and Lu), theinteractionof F− with YREEs, which have extensive hydration spheres[M(H2O)8–9 3+] resultsin a relatively complex pattern of lanthanide stability constants. The fluoridecomplexation behavior of yttrium differs distinctly from the behavior of any rareearth. Although the crystal radius of Y3;pl is approximately equalto that of Ho3+,differences in the covalence/ionicity of Y3+ relative to therare earths leads to aYF2+ stability constant that exceeds that of any rare earthelement (REE).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005186932126
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Coprecipitation of Phosphate and Arsenate with Yttrium and the Rare Earths: The Influence of Solution Complexation (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 26 (1997), S. 1187-1198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Coprecipitation ; rare earths ; lanthanides ; yttrium ; phosphate ; arsenate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Coprecipitation of yttrium (Y) and rare earth elements (REEs) with phosphate and arsenate removes these elements from solution in variable proportions. During both phosphate and arsenate Coprecipitation, middle REEs (Sm and Eu) are progressively depleted in solution relative to heavier and lighter elements. Solution complexation by oxalate (Ox 2-) influences Y and REE removal patterns by strongly enhancing the retention of Y and the heaviest REEs in solution. The extent of this enhancement is well described by a quantitative account of the comparative solution complexation of Y and REEs as M(Ox)+ and M(Ox) $$_{\text{2}}^ - $$ . The comparative behavior of phosphate and arsenate coprecipitation exhibits both similarities and differences. During arsenate coprecipitation the light REEs are retained in solution, relative to the heavy REEs, to a greater extent than is the case for phosphate coprecipitation. Notable irregularities are observed in the comparative coprecipitation behavior of nearest-neighbor elements (e.g., Eu–Gd–Tb and Tm–Yb–Lu). Such irregularities are very similar for phosphate and arsenate coprecipitation in the absence and in the presence of solution complexation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022933224074
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic Strength Dependence of Rare Earth – NTA Stability Constants at 25°C (1997)
    Springer
    Aquatic geochemistry 3 (1997), S. 99-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1421
    Keywords: rare earth elements ; copper ; complexation ; ionic strength effects ; nitrilotriacetic acid ; lanthanide ; yttrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Observations of competitive complexation of NTA by Cu2+ and rare earth element (REE) ions are used to determine REE-NTA stability constants at ionic strengths between 0.1 and 5.0 molar. Although REE stability constants change markedly with ionic strength, differences in the ionic strength dependence of REE-NTA stability constants across the rare earth element series are small. The ionic strength dependence of logβ1 for Y and REEs with NTA at 25 °C can be described as: logβ1(M) = logβ1(M)0 - 9.198 I1/2/(1+B I1/2)+C I + D I3/2, where β1(M) = [MNTA°][M3+]-1[NTA3-]-1, I is ionic strength, B = 1.732, C = 0.1596, D = 0.0816, and logβ1(M)° is the metal-NTA stability constant at zero ionic strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009643409154
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Coupled Riverine-Marine Fractionation Model for Dissolved Rare Earths and Yttrium (1998)
    Springer
    Aquatic geochemistry 4 (1998), S. 103-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1421
    Keywords: Rare earth ; Rare earth ; fractionation ; model ; riverine ; oceanic ; estuarine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Fractionation of yttrium (Y) and the rare earth elements (REEs) begins in riverine systems and continues in estuaries and the ocean. Models of yttrium and rare earth (YREE) distributions in seawater must therefore consider the fractionation of these elements in both marine and riverine systems. In this work we develop a coupled riverine/marine fractionation model for dissolved rare earths and yttrium, and apply this model to calculations of marine YREE fractionation for a simple two-box (riverine/marine) geochemical system. Shale-normalized YREE concentrations in seawater can be expressed in terms of fractionation factors (λ ij ) appropriate to riverine environments ( $$\lambda _{ij}^{river}$$ ) and seawater ( $$\lambda _{ij}^{ocean}$$ ): $$\log \frac{{\left( {M_i } \right)_T^{ocean} }}{{\left( Y \right)_T^{ocean} }} = log\;\lambda _{ij}^{ocean} + ((\lambda _{ij}^{river} )^{ - 1} - 1)\;log\frac{{[Y]_T^{river} }}{{[Y^0 ]_T^{river} }}$$ where $$\left( {M_i } \right)_T^{ocean}$$ and $$\left( Y \right)_T^{ocean}$$ are input-normalized total metal concentrations in seawater and $$[Y]_T^{river} /[Y^0 ]_T^{river}$$ is the ratio of total dissolved Y in riverwater before $$([Y^0 ]_T^{river} )$$ and after $$([Y]_T^{river} )$$ commencement of riverine metal scavenging processes. The fractionation factors (λ ij ) are calculated relative to the reference element, yttrium, and reflect a balance between solution and surface complexation of the rare earths and yttrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009651919911
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