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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation-induced damage in rabbit fast-twitch skeletal muscles: a quantitative morphological study of the influence of pattern and frequency (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Degeneration ; Histochemistry ; Immuno-histochemistry ; Morphometry ; Muscle ; Stimulation, chronic ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether muscle fibre degeneration brought about by chronic lowfrequency electrical stimulation was related to the pattern and frequency of stimulation. Rabbit fast-twitch muscles, tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus, were stimulated for 9 days with pulse trains ranging in frequency from 1.25 Hz to 10 Hz. Histological data from these muscles were analysed with multivariate statistical techniques. At the lower stimulation frequencies there was a significantly lower incidence of degenerating muscle fibres. Fibres that reacted positively with an antineonatal antibody were most numerous in the sections that revealed the most degeneration. The dependence on frequency was generally similar for the two muscles, but the extensor digitorum longus muscles showed more degeneration than the tibialis anterior at every frequency. Muscles subjected to 10 Hz intermittent stimulation showed significantly less degeneration than muscles stimulated with 5 Hz continuously, although the aggregate number of impulses delivered was the same. The incidence of degeneration in the extensor digitorum longus muscles stimulated at 1.25 Hz was indistinguishable from that in control, unstimulated muscles; for the tibialis anterior muscles, this was also true for stimulation at 2.5 Hz. We conclude that damage is not an inevitable consequence of electrical stimulation. The influence of pattern and frequency on damage should be taken into account when devising neuromuscular stimulation régimes for clinical use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312838
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative morphology of stimulation-induced damage in rabbit fast-twitch skeletal muscles (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 195-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Degeneration ; Histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Morphometry ; Muscle ; Stimulation, chronic ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to examine the contention that stimulation-induced damage, resulting in degeneration with subsequent regeneration, plays a major role in the transformation of fibre type brought about by chronic electrical stimulation. Data from histological and histochemical sections of 9-day-stimulated rabbit fast-twitch muscles were analysed with multivariate statistical techniques. Fibre degeneration and regeneration varied non-systematically between sample areas at any given cross-sectional level. In the extensor digitorum longus muscle, but not in the tibialis anterior, there was more degeneration in proximal than in distal portions of the muscle. The extensor digitorum longus muscle consistently showed more degeneration than the tibialis anterior muscle. Degeneration was less extensive for an intermittent pattern of stimulation that delivered half the aggregate number of impulses of continuous stimulation. Degeneration and regeneration varied markedly between individual rabbits in each of the groups. Sections that revealed the most degeneration and regeneration also had more fibres that reacted positively with an anti-neonatal antibody. Rigorous analysis of different sources of variation has helped to explain apparent conflicts in the literature. The incidence of muscle fibre damage in the stimulated tibialis anterior muscle is low, showing that the contribution of degenerative-regenerative phenomena to fibre type conversion in this muscle is insignificant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319609
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in nuclear protein composition in response to chronic electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 809-813 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Nucelar proteins ; Muscle ; Stimulation ; Rabbit ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The adaptive response of skeletal muscle to increased functional demand involves phenotypic changes that affect contractile properties, energy metabolism and calcium kinetics. Some of these changes are known to be initiated at a pre-translational level, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms have not yet been identified. In this study we used chronic electrical stimulation (10 Hz, continuous) to initiate fast-to-slow muscle fibre-type transformation, and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) to assess changes in nuclear protein composition after 24 and 72 h. We report an early and sustained increase in the level of a 3 kDa protein in stimulated fast muscle (n = 6). The presence of the same protein in control slow muscle is consistent with a possible functional role in the determination of the slow phenotype.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150180526
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