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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ATP-sensitive K+ channels in an insulin-secreting cell line are inhibited byd-glyceraldehyde and activated by membrane permeabilization (1986)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 93 (1986), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: K+ channel ; ATP ; glyceraldehyde ; RINm5F cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The control of K+ channels in the insulin-secreting cell line RINm5F has been investigated by patch-clamp singlechannel current recording experiments. The unitary current events recorded from cell-attached patches are due to large and small inwardly rectifying ATP-sensitive K+ channels with conductance properties similar to the two channels previously identified in primary cultured rat islet cells (Findlay, I., Dunne, M.J., & Petersen, O. H.J. Membrane Biol. 88:165–172, 1985). Cell permeabilization through brief exposure to 10 μm digitonin or 0.05% saponin (outside the isolated membrane patch area) results in a dramatic increase in current through the cell-attached patch due to opening of many large and small K+-selective channels. These channels are inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by ATP applied to the bath (near-complete inhibition by 5mm ATP). During prolonged ATP exposure (1–5 min) the initial inhibition is followed by partial recovery of channel activity, although further activation does occur when ATP is subsequently removed. From the maximal number of coincident channel openings in the permeabilized cells (in the absence of ATP), it is estimated that there are on average 12 large ATP-sensitive K+ channels per membrane patch, but in the intact cells less than 5% of the membrane patches exhibited three or more coincident K+ channel openings, indicating the degree to which the channels are inhibited in the resting condition by endogenous ATP. Stimulation of RINm5F cells to secrete insulin was carried out by challenging intact cells with 10mm d-glyceraldehyde.d-glyceraldehyde induced depolarization of the membrane from about −70 to −20 mV and evoked a marked reduction in the open-state probability of both the large and small ATP-sensitive channels.d-glyceraldehyde also induced action potentials in a number of cases. All effects of stimulation were largely transient, lasting about 100 sec. The two ATP-sensitive K+ channels are probably responsible for the resting potential and play a crucial role in coupling metabolism to membrane depolarization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871181
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pyridine nucleotides on the gating of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in insulin-secreting cells (1988)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 102 (1988), S. 205-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: K+ channel ; ATP ; NAD(P) ; NAD(P)H ; RINm5F cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The single-channel current recording technique has been used to study the influences that the pyridine nucleotides NAD, NADH, NADP and NADPH have on the gating of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in an insulin-secreting cell line (RINm5F). The effects of the nucleotides were studied at the intracellular surface using either excised inside-out membrane patches or permeabilized cells. All four pyridine nucleotides were found to evoke similar effects. At low concentrations, 100 μm and less, each promoted channel opening whereas high concentrations, 500 μm and above, evoked channel closure. The degree of K+ channel activation by pyridine nucleotides (low conc.) was found to be similar to that evoked by the same concentrations of ADP or GTP, whereas the degree of K+ channel inhibition (high conc.) was less marked than that evoked by the same concentrations of ATP, and never resulted in refreshment of K+ channels following removal. The effects of NAD, NADH, NADP and NADPH seemed to interact with those of ATP and ADP. In the presence of 1mm ADP and 4mm ATP, 10 to 100 μm concentrations of the pyridine nucleotides could not evoke channel opening, whereas concentrations of 500 μm and above were found to evoke channel closure. In the presence of 2mm ATP and 0.5mm ADP, however, 10 to 100 μm concentrations of the pyridine nucleotides were able to activate K+ channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01925714
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of diazoxide, tolbutamide and ATP4− on nucleotide-dependent K+ channels in an insulin-secreting cell line (1987)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 99 (1987), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: K+ channel ; ATP ; diazoxide ; tolbutamide ; RINm5F cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The single-channel current recording technique has been used to study the effects of diazoxide, tolbutamide and ATP, separately and combined, on the gating of nucleotide-regulated K+ channels in the insulin-secreting cell line RINm5F. The effects of diazoxide, tolbutamide and ATP4− were studied at the intracellular membrane surface, using, the open-cell membrane patch configuration. Alone diazoxide was found only inconsistently to evoke channel stimulation, 57% of all applications of the drug (72 times in 48 separate patches) having no effect at concentrations between 0.02 and 0.4mm. In the presence of ATP, however, diazoxide consistently evoked channel activation (seen 87 times in 49 patches, 95% of all applications). The interactions of diazoxide and ATP seemed competitive. Stimulation of channels by diazoxide in the presence of 1mm ATP was suppressed if the concentration of ATP was elevated to 2 or 5mm. In solutions in which Mg2+ had been chelated with EDTA, diazoxide failed to activate channels closed by 1mm ATP; however, this was not due to a direct effect on the channels caused by the absence of Mg2+, but could be explained by the enhanced ATP4− concentration after Mg2+ removal. When the total ATP concentration was lowered to give the same [ATP4−] in the absence of Mg2+ to that present in the control experiments, diazoxide was able to evoke full activation. Channel inhibition evoked by tolbutamide, 0.01 to 1.0mm, did not require the presence of either ATP or Mg2+. In the presence of ATP tolbutamide further reduced the number of channel openings. Diazoxide was able to compete with tolbutamide for control of channel activity, an effect that was augmented by the presence of ATP. In the presence of 0.1mm tolbutamide, diazoxide was unable to stimulate channel openings; however, if the dose of tolbutamide was lowered or ATP made available to the inside of the membrane, channel stimulation occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01995702
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulant-evoked depolarization and increase in [Ca2+] i in insulin-secreting cells is dependent on external Na+ (1990)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 113 (1990), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: patch clamp ; [Ca2+] i ; Na+ dependency ; RINm5F cell ; fura-2 ; whole cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The patch-clamp technique and measurements of single cell [Ca2+] i have been used to investigate the importance of extracellular Na+ for carbohydrate-induced stimulation of RINm5F insulin-secreting cells. Using patch-clamp whole-cell (current-clamp) recordings the average cellular transmembrane potential was estimated to be −60±1 mV (n=83) and the average basal [Ca2+] i 102±6nm (n=37). When challenged with either glucose (2.5–10mm) ord-glyceraldehyde (10mm) the cells depolarized, which led to the initiation of Ca2+ spike potentials and a sharp rise in [Ca2+] i . Similar effects were also observed with the sulphonylurea compound tolbutamide (0.01–0.1mm). Both the generation of the spike potentials and the increase in [Ca2+] i were abolished when Ca2+ was removed from the bathing media. When all external Na+ was replaced with N-methyl-d-glucamine, in the continued presence of either glucose,d-glyceraldehyde or tolbutamide, a membrane repolarization resulted, which terminated Ca2+ spike potentials and attenuated the rise in [Ca2+] i . Tetrodotoxin (TTX) (1–2 μm) was also found to both repolarize the membrane and abolish secretagogue-induced rises in [Ca2+] i .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01872887
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of the effects of cromakalim (BRL 34915) and diazoxide on membrane potential, [Ca2+] i and ATP-sensitive potassium currents in insulin-secreting cells (1990)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 114 (1990), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: patch-clamp ; fura-2 ; KATP channels ; [Ca2+] i ; insulin-secreting cell ; RINm5F cell ; diazoxide ; cromakalim (BRL 34915) ; tolbutamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Patch-clamp and single cell [Ca2+] i measurements have been used to investigate the effects of the potassium channel modulators cromakalim, diazoxide and tolbutamide on the insulin-secreting cell line RINm5F. In intact cells, with an average cellular transmembrane potential of −62±2 mV (n=42) and an average basal [Ca2+] i of 102±6nm (n=37), glucose (2.5–10mm): (i) depolarized the membrane, through a decrease in the outward KATP current, (ii) evoked Ca2+ spike potentials, and (iii) caused a sharp rise in [Ca2+] i . In the continued presence of glucose both cromakalim (100–200 μm) and diazoxide (100 μm) repolarized the membrane, terminated Ca2+ spike potentials and attenuated the secretagogue-induced rise in [Ca2+] i . In whole cells (voltage-clamp records) and excised outside-out membrane patches, both cromakalim and diazoxide enhanced the current by opening ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Diazoxide was consistently found to be more potent than cromakalim. Tolbutamide, a specific inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, reversed the effects of cromakalim on membrane potential and KATP currents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01869384
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gating of nucleotide-sensitive K+ channels in insulin-secreting cells can be modulated by changes in the ratio ATP4−/ADP3− and by nonhydrolyzable derivatives of both ATP and ADP (1988)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 104 (1988), S. 165-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: K+ channel ; ATP ; ATP4− ; ADP3− ; RINm5F cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The31P-NMR technique has been used to assess the intracellular ratios and concentrations of mobile ATP and ADP and the intracellular pH in an insulin-secreting cell line, RINm5F. The single-channel current-recording technique has been used to investigate the effects of changes in the concentrations of ATP and ADP on the gating of nucleotide-dependent K+ channels. Adding ATP to the membrane inside closes these channels. However, in the continued presence of ATP adding ADP invariably leads to the reactivation of ATP-inhibited K+ channels, even at ATP4−/ADP3− concentration ratios greater than 7∶1. Interactions between ATP4− and ADP3− seem competitive. An increase in the concentration ratio ATP4−/ADP3− consistently evoked a decrease in the open-state probability of K+ channels; conversely a decrease in ATP4−/ADP3− increased the frequency of K+ channel opening events. Channel gating was also influenced by changes in the absolute concentrations of ATP4− and ADP3−, at constant free concentration ratios. ADP-evoked stimulation of ATP-inhibited channels did not result from phosphorylation of the channel, as ADP-β-S, a nonhydrolyzable analog of ADP, not only stimulated but enhanced ADP-induced activation of K+ channels, in the presence of ATP. Similarly, ADP was able to activate K+ channels in the presence of two nonhydrolyzable derivatives of ATP, AMP-PNP and βγmethylene ATP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01870928
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