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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (65)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The anionic polymerization of acrylonitrile with triethylphosphine as initiator in dimethylformamide was studied at different temperatures and various monomer/initiator ratios.1H-NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography as well as emission spectra analysis of phosphorus were employed on both the crude polymer and the polymer samples obtained by reprecipitation and by gel permeation chromatography. In addition, the number of polymer anions was determined by spectroscopic end group analysis. Thus, it was possible to show the occurrence of a polymerization via macrozwitterions besides the dominant transfer mechanism and also the necessity of minimum values of the polymerization temperature as well as the monomer/initiator ratio for the formation of macrozwitterions, . If these conditions are not realized, a transfer reaction to the monomer through proton abstraction takes place by means of the zwitterion , which is formed by the interaction of triethylphosphine and acrylonitrile, and the resulting anion, , initiates the polymerization chain.As a result ofthe increase ofthe initiator concentration as well as that of the temperature, more side-reactions in the polymerization occur, as can be noted by IR- or UV-spectroscopical analysis of the polymer.
    Notes: Die anionische Polymerisation von Acrylnitril mit Triäthylphosphin als Initiator in Dimethylformamid wurde bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und unterschiedlichem Verhältnis der Monomer/Initiator-Konzentrationen untersucht.Ergänzt durch spektroskopische Endgruppenbestimmung der Polymeranionen konnte mittels 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie und Gelchromatographie (GPC) sowie emissionsspektralanalytischer Phosphorbestimmung an den rohen und den durch Umfällungen bzw. GPC fraktionierten Polymerproben gezeigt werden, daß hier neben einer übertragung teilweise eine Polymerisation Über Makrozwitterionen auftritt. Für die Bildung von Makrozwitterionen, , sind jedoch Mindestwerte des Monomer/Initiator-Verhältnisses sowie der Polymerisationstemperatur erforderlich; sind diese Voraussetzungen nicht erfüllt, findet durch das Zwitterion , gebildet aus Triäthylphosphin und Acrylnitril, unter Protonenabstraktion eine Übertragungsreaktion auf das Monomere statt. So entstandene Anionen, , lösen dann Polymerisationsketten aus.Die durch Erhöhung der Initiatorkonzentration sowie der Temperatur vermehrt auftretenden Nebenreaktionen lassen sich durch IR- bzw. UV-spektroskopische Untersuchungen der Polymeren erfassen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 961-963 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 3473-3476 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 3477-3479 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 1679-1683 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: New nitrogen mustard analogues in which bis(2-chloroethyl)-amino groups are separated by oxyethylene groups, 1,14-dichloro-3,12-bis(2-chloroethyl)-3,12-diaza-6,9-dioxatetradecan (3c) and 1,17-dichloro-3,15-bis(2-chloroethyl)-3,15-diaza-6,9,12-trioxaheptadecane (3d), were synthesized by reaction of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine (2) with bis(2-chloroethyoxy)ethylene (1a) and with 1,11-dichloro-3,6,9-trioxaundecane (1b), respectively, followed by treatment with thionyl chloride. The analogues were then complexed with heparin. The resulting heparin-complexes show inhibiting activity against transplanted Sarcoma-180 A in mice.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 3369-3369 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 1901-1903 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 1929-1945 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The thermal degradation of the copolymers of 1,3,5-trioxane and the lactones β-propiolactone (3-propanolide), pivalolactone (2,2-dimethyl-3-propanolide) and ε-caprolactone (6-hexanolide) has been investigated. The reaction was characterized by a slow but complete degradation by the following steps: 1Random chain scission catalyzed by acidic chain ends;2Cleavage of acrylic acid from the acidic chain end;2Random chain scission by the pyrolysis of ester bonds especially in sequences of β-propiplactone units.The addition of butanediol glycidylether (1,4-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)butane) or N-(2-naphthyl)aniline reduced the effects of steps (1) and (2) on the degradation. However, the copolymer of 1,3,5-trioxane and β-propiolactone was essentially less thermally stable than that of 1,3,5-trioxane and ethylene oxide or 1,3-dioxolane.Step (3) was examined by the model reaction: pyrolysis of ethyl β-ethoxypropionate; the rate constant was found to be k=3,5·10-6 min-1 at 180°C.Copolymers of 1,3,5-trioxane and pivalolactone showed much better stability against heat and alkali than those of 1,3,5-trioxane and β-propiolactone. The copolymers of 1,3,5-trioxane and ε-caprolactone degradated thermally a little faster than those of 1,3,5-trioxane and pivalolactone.
    Notes: Der thermische Abbau von Copolymeren aus 1,3,5-Trioxan und den Lactonen β-Propiolacton (3-Propanolid), Pivalolacton (2,2-Dimethyl-3-propanolid) und ε-Caprolacton (6-Hexanolid) wurde untersucht. Der langsame und vollständige Abbau der Copolymeren wird zurückgeführt auf 1eine statistische acidolytische Kettenspaltung durch Carboxyl-Endgruppen,2die Abspaltung von Acrylsäure an den sauren Endgruppen,3die statistische Kettenspaltung durch Pyrolyse von Esterbindungen vor allem in Sequenzen aus mehreren β-Propiolactonbausteinen.Die Teilreaktionen (1) und (2) können durch Zusatz von Butandiol-Diglycidyläther-(1,4-Bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)butan) oder N-(2-Naphthyl)anilin oder von Epoxiden stark vermindert werden. Trotzdem haben Copolymere aus 1,3,5-Trioxan und β-Propiolacton eine wesentlich geringere thermische Stabilität als solche aus 1,3,5-Trioxan und Äthylenoxid oder 1,3-Dioxolan.Die 3. Teilreaktion wurde an einer Modellreaktion geprüft: die Pyrolyse von β-Äthoxypropionsäureäthylester (Geschwindigkeitskonstante k=3,5·10-6 min-1 bei 180°C).Copolymere aus 1,3,5-Trioxan und Pivalolaction sind sowohl thermisch als auch gegen Alkali sehr viel stabiler als Copolymere aus 1,3,5-Trioxan und β-Propiolacton. Copolymere aus 1,3,5-Trioxan und ε-Caprolacton bauen thermisch etwas schneller ab als solche mit Pivalolacton.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 755-762 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polyamides 3 containing constant and definite numbers of oxyethylene units were prepared by condensation polymerization of suitable diamines and diesters, both of which containing oxyethylene units. The polymer structure was determined by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Almost all polymers are crystals melting at ≈ 40°C and show a complexation ability towards alkalimetal cations. It was also found that diesters containing oxyethylene units show a higher condensation rate than alkylene diesters, which is explained by an inductive effect of the ether oxygene. However, no remarkable difference in the condensation rate was found between diamines containing oxyethylene units and the corresponding aliphatic diamines.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 1649-1653 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The interaction of poly(L-glutamic acid) with 3,6-dioxaoctamethylenediamine was studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy under different conditions. In aqueous solution at pH 5,6 and in aqueous 1,4-dioxane (30-50 vol.-%) at pH 7,3 the conformation of poly(L-glutamic acid) was completely changed from α-helical to random coil in the presence of an excess of the diamine.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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