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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (25)
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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (25)
  • Chemistry  (25)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die radikalische copolymerisation in 3-stellung substituierter acryl- und methacrylaldehyde mit styrol (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 777-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Radical copolymerization of styrene (S) with crotonaldehyde (3-methylacrylaldehyde) (1a), cinnamaldehyde (1b), 2-methyl-3-phenylacrylaldehyde (1c), 3-(2-furyl)acrylaldehyde (1b), and 3-(2-furyl)-2-methylacrylaldehyde (1e) was studied. Monomer reactivity ratios (r1a = 0,45, rS = 15,5; r1b = 0,95, rS = 2,9; r1c = 0,04, rS = 13,0) were estimated. It was found that the polymerization of the substituted aldehydes is influenced by steric hindrance and by transfer reactions, and the polymerization rate decreases even at low concentrations of furyl derivatives in the monomer feed. The aldehyde monomers undergo copolymerization as other vinylic monomers except 1e. In the copolymer of 1e with styrene conjugate double bonds (C=O and C=C) were found. The structure of the copolymers is further complicated owing to a possibility of forming pyrane rings arising from neighbouring aldehyde units by cyclisation. The IR data are in good agreement with the statistical assumptions on the sequence length distribution of the monomeric units.
    Notes: Die radikalische Copolymeristion von Styrol (S) mit Crotonaldehyd (3-Methylacrylaldehyd) (1a), Zimtaldehyd (1b), 2-Methyl-3-phenylacrylaldehyd (1c), 3-(2-Furyl)acrylaldehyd (1d) und 3-(2-Furyl)-2-methylacrylaldehyd (1e) wurde untersucht. Dabei wurden die Copolymerisationsparameter für die Monomerenpaare (r1a = 0,45, rS = 15,5; r1b = 0,95, rS = 2,9; r1c = 0,04, rS = 13,0) bestimmt.Die substituierten Aldehyde vermindern die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit durch sterische Hinderung und übertragungsreaktionen, selbst bei geringen Konzentrationen an Furylderivaten im Monomergemisch. Die Copolymerisation der Aldehyd-Monomere verläuft wie bei anderen Vinylmonomeren, nur bei 1e wurde eine andere Art der Polyreaktion beobachtet. Dort findet man im Copolymer konjugierte C=O und C=C Bindungen. Die Struktur der Copolymeren wird auch durch die bekannten Cyclisierungsreaktionen von Aldehydgruppen zu Pyranringen kompliziert. Es wurde gefunden, daß der Reaktionsverlauf der Cyclisierung nach IR-Messungen in übereinstimmung mit den statistischen Voraussagen der Sequenzlängen-Verteilung von Copolymeren ist.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021770316
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of synthetic polymers with components of the living materials (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1979), S. 215-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Some examples of interaction between various soluble and crosslinked synthetic polymers and physiological environment and its constituents are exemplified and discussed. Our view is confronted with several typical published data and is also illustrated by few original results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1979.020021979114
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The copolymerization of methacrylaldehyde with hydrophilic monomers (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Copolymers of methacrylaldehyde with hydrophilic monomers  -  2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 5-hydroxy-3-oxapentyl methacrylate, 8-hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl methacrylate, N-ethylmethacrylamide, N,N-diethylacrylamide, and N,N-diethylmethacrylamide  -  were prepared by solution polymerization in N,N-dimethylformamide initiated with 2,2′-azodiisobutyronitrile. In the copolymer of methacrylaldehyde (1) with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2) (r1 = 0,77, r2 = 0,36) and in the copolymer of methacrylaldehyde with N,N-diethylacrylamide (r1 = 3,79, r2 = 0,14) the content of CH=O groups corresponds to that ot methacrylaldehyde units in the triads comonomer  -  methacrylaldehyde  -  comonomer; in the copolymer of methacrylaldehyde with N-ethylmethacrylamide (r1 = 4,07, r2 = 0,14) both comonomers react with each other and the content of CH=O groups is very low, while in the copolymer of methacrylaldehyde with 5-hydroxy-3-oxapentyl methacrylate (r1 = 1,48, r2 = 0,34) the majority of methacrylaldehyde units contain an unreacted CH=O group.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The behaviour of poly(2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate) in dilute solution (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1982), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Homopolymers of 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate with various molecular masses were prepared by solution polymerization with 2,2′-azoisobutyronitrile as initiator. The effect of polymerization conditions on the molecular parameters (weight- and number-average molecular masses MW and Mn intrinsic viscosity [η]) and the tacticity of the resulting poly (2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate)s was investigated. For unfractionated polymers, the constants of the Mark-Houwink equation for 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran were determined. Gel permeation chromatography was tested as a tool for the determination of the Mw and Mn values.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1982.021830118
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trans→cis photoisomerization of the stilbene residues in the side chains of copolymers from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and monomer containing stilbene residue (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 2375-2391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde die Geschwindigkeit der trans→cis Photoisomerisierung des Stilbenrestes im Copolymeren 3 aus 2-Hydroxyäthylmethacrylat (1) und trans-N-4-(4-nitrostyryl)phenylmethacrylamid (2a) einerseits mit derjenigen in dem niedermolekularen Analogon des letzteren, trans-N-4-(4-nitrostyrl)phenylisobutyramid (2b) andererseits, in Methanol, 2-Äthoxyäthanol und in den binären Lösungsmitteln Propanol/Wasser und tert-Butylalkohol/Wasser verglichen. Dabei wurde beobachtet, daß die trans→cis Photoisomerisierung des Stilbenrestes in den Seitenketten des Copolymeren bei 20°C in den meisten Lösungsmitteln schneller als beim 2b verläuft. Dieses Ergebnis kann auf der Grundlage der Abhängigkeit der Quantenausbeute der trans→cis Isomerisierung von der Polarität des Milieus, in dem die Isomerisierung verläuft, interpretiert werden. Die Beschleunigung der trans→cis Photoisomerisierung der Stilbenreste in den Seitenketten des Copolymeren wird durch ein Absinken der Polarität des Mikromilieus des Polymeren im Vergleich zur Polarität des Lösungsmittels selbst verursacht. Diese Interpretation stützt sich auf die direkte Messung der Polarität des Mikromilieus der Polymerkette auf der Grundlage der Kosowerschen semi-empirischen Polaritätsskala. Der Verlauf der trans→cis Isomerisierung von 2b und 3 gehorcht nicht der Gleichgewichtsreaktion erster Ordnung für alle erwähnten Lösungsmittel. Der Einfluß der Vorzugssorption einer der Lösungsmittel-komponenten in binären Lösungsmitteln auf das Polymerknäuel und der Einflulß der Temperatur auf die photochemische trans→cis Isomerisierung werden im Zusammenhang mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen diskutiert.
    Notes: The rate of the trans→cis photoismerization of the stilbene residue was compared in the copolymer 3 from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (1) and trans-N-4-(4-nitrostyryl)phenylmethacrylamide (2a) with its low molecular weight analogue trans-N-4-(4-nitrostyryl)phenylisobutyramide (2b) in methanol, 2-ethoxyethanol and in the binary solvents propanol/water and tert-butyl alcohol/water. It was observed that the trans→cis photoisomerization of the stilbene residues was more rapid at 20°C in the side chains of the copolymer than for 2b in most solvents. This result may be interpreted on the basis of the quantum yield dependence for the trans→cis isomerization on the polarity of the medium where the isomerization takes place. Acceleration of the trans→cis isomerization of the stilbene residues in the side chains of the copolymer results from a decrease in the polymer microenvironment polarity as compared to the polarity of the solvent itself. This interpretation is supported by direct measurement of the polarity of the polymer chain microenvironment, based on the Kosower semi-empirical polarity scale. The course of the trans→cis isomerization of 2b and 3 does not obey the equilibrium, first-order reaction for all the solvents mentioned. The effect of preferential sorption of one of the components in binary solvents on the polymer coil and the effect of temperature on the photochemical trans→cis isomerization are discussed in connection with the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1974.021750814
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aldehydes and acetals based on acryl- and methacrylamides as potential monomers (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Hydrophilic monomers containing aldehyde or acetal groups based on N-substituted amides of methacrylic and acrylic acid were prepared. The structure of these monomers prevents undesirable spontaneous intramolecular cyclization reactions of pendant aldehyde groups of the corresponding polymers. The following monomers were prepared: N-(2-formyl-2-methylpropyl)-N-methylmethacrylamide (3), N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-N-methylmethacrylamide (5a), N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl) methacrylamide (5b) and N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-N-methylacrylamide (12).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1985.021860202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aldehydes and acetals based on esters of methacrylic acid as potential monomers (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: New monomers containing aldehyde groups in the alcohol component of methacrylates were prepared. The structure of these monomers prevents undesired spontaneous intramolecular cyclization reactions of pendant aldehyde groups of the corresponding polymers. 2,2-Diethoxyethyl methacrylate (1) and its saturated analog, 2,2-diethoxyethyl pivalate (3) and 3,3-diethoxypropyl methacrylate (2) were prepared. The conditions for a selective hydrolysis of the acetal function of these compounds, leading to the corresponding aldehydes, were studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1985.021860201
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive polymers, 22Part 21: cf.1. Hydrolysis of schiff's bases and of hydrazones bonded on a crosslinked copolymer (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1978), S. 1873-1879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The hydrolysis of Schiff's bases and hydrazones prepared by reactions of methylamine, ethylenediamine, butylamine, tert-butylamine, sec-butylamine, isobutylamine, octylamine, benzylamine, and isonicotino-hydrazide with free aldehyde groups of the crosslinked macroporous copolymer divinylbenzene-methacryl-aldehyde, was investigated. The highest initial rate of hydrolysis was observed in the range of a high proton concentration. The initial hydrolysis rate increases and the conversion of the hydrolysis reaction decreases with increasing basicity of the amines. Comparison with the corresponding low-molecular-weight Schiff's bases indicated considerable polymer effects on the hydrolysis reaction.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1978.021790801
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of methacrylic polymers in medicine (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 7 (1984), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1984.020071984103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymers with aldehyde and acetal groups based on acryl- and methacrylamides (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A soluble hydrophilic polymer, poly[N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)methacrylamide] (4), and a crosslinked copolymer from N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)methacrylamide (3) and N,N′-methylenediacrylamide (5) were prepared by radical polymerization in solution. Soluble hydrophilic poly[N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-N-methacrylamide] (8) and the copolymer from N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-N-methylacrylamide (7) and (5) were prepared by the same procedure. Acetal groups of these polymers can be hydrolyzed with HCl. N,N-disubstituted methacrylamides, N(2-formyl-2-methylpropyl)-N-methylmethacrylamide (2) and N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-N-methylmethacrylamide (1) do not undergo radical homopolymerization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1985.021860204
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