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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 196 (1992), S. 37-48 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The copolymerization of butadiene and ethene in the presence of the catalyst dineopentyloxyvanadiumoxychloride/triisobutylaluminum was investigated. Basic reaction parameters, such as the [A1]/[V] ratio, the composition of monomer mixture and the polymerization temperature result in a significant influence on the progress of reaction, the conversion of monomers and on the molecular weight and polydispersity of copolymers obtained. NMR measurements demonstrate a high degree of alternation.A maximum of conversion and molecular weight was found by variation of the ratio of catalyst components at [A1]/[V] ≍ 7. An increase of ethene content in the monomer mixture also results in a maximum of conversion but, in contrast, in a continuous decrease in molecular weight. The increase of polymerization temperature from -25°C up to +40°C results in different effects on the yield of copolymers and appropriate data of molecular weight. The microstructure of products with a high content of trans-butadiene units exhibits an increase of 1,2-addition of butadiene and the beginning of crosslinking reactions at temperatures above 20°C.
    Notes: Es wurde die Copolymerissation von Butadien und Ethen in Gegenwart des katalysatorsystems Dineopetyloxyvanadiumoxychlorid/Aluminiumtriisobutyl untersucht. Die Variation der grundlegenden Reaktionsparameter [A1]/[V]-Verhältnis, Zusammensetzung der Monomermischug und Polymerisationstemperature ergab einen signifikanten Einfluß auf den Verlauf der Reaction, den Umsatz der Moomeren die, Molmasse und die Polydispersität der erhaltenen Copolymeren. NMR-Untersuchngen belegen einen hohen Alternierungsgrad.Bei der Variation des Verhaltnisses der Katalysatorkomponenten wurde ein Maximum für Umsatz und die Molmasse bei einem Verhältnis [A1]/[V] ≍ 7 ermittelt. Die Erhöhung des Ethengehaltes in der Moomermischung führt ebenfalls zu einer Erhöhung des Umsatzes. Dabei werden die Molmassen jedoch erniedrigt. Die Variation der Polymerisationstemparatur im Bereich von -25°C bis +40°C ergab für den Umsatz und die Molmasse Abhängigkeiten mit Minimum bzw. Maximum. Bei Polymerisationstemperaturen oberhalb +20°C ist ein Anwachsen der 1,2 -Addition des Butadiens und eine zunehmende Vernetzung der Produkte zu verzeichnen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 1733-1740 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: LC side-group block copolymer ; morphology ; phase separation ; LC behavior ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Liquid crystalline triblock copolymers with LC inner block and amorphous outer blocks have been synthesized by “living” anionic polymerization and investigated using DSC, TEM, and small-angle x-ray diffraction. All samples of poly[styrene-block-2-(3-cholesteryloxycarbonyloxy) ethyl methacrylate-block-styrene] (PS-b-PChEMA-b-PS) show liquid crystalline behavior and phase separation between the blocks. Compared to triblock copolymers with PS inner block (PChEMA-b-PS-b-PChEMA) and diblock copolymers (PS-b-PChEMA) the LC block copolymers with PS outer blocks have the same properties. The LC behavior and the morphology do not depend on the block arrangement; they are only influenced by the volume fractions of the blocks. Those samples in which the liquid crystalline subphase is not continuous (spheres) only a nematic phase was found, whereas in all samples with a continuous liquid crystalline subphase, the smectic A phase of the homopolymer was observed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 15 (1976), S. 1377-1395 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (DLLys)10-(LVal)20-(DLLys)10, a copolymer of a valine block in the β conformation with randomly coiled flanking blocks of lysine [Kubota, S. & Fasman, G. D. (1975) Biopolymers 14, 605-631], was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance. The peak areas of the N—H and C—H resonances of valine and lysine are concentration-dependent with little chemical shift change. A model is presented describing the aggregation of the copolymer. Additional evidence, obtained by monitoring the spin-lattice relaxation times of amino, amide, γ-methyl-valine, and ∊-methylene-lysine, is consistent with the aggregation model. Hydrodynamic studies are presented which show monomer → oligomer aggregation of four or five subunits.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 18 (1979), S. 1045-1063 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chromatin was thermally denatured in the presence and absence of 1M ethylene glycol using a technique whereby both the hyperchromism and ellipticity are monitored simultaneously. Model complexes containing poly(L-Lys) or poly(L-Lys, L-Ala, Gly) and DNA were similarly melted in order to assist in interpreting the chromatin results. In both cases a general pattern emerged whereby ethylene glycol perturbed the resultant melting profile, showing increased hyperchromicity, ellipticity, and premelt slope. In addition, ethylene glycol destabilizes and reduces the high melting region of polypeptide-bound DNA and the extent of higher ordered structure in model complexes and chromatin. These results emphasize the importance of hydrophobic forces in polypeptide-polypeptide and polypeptide-DNA interactions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The spontaneous thermal polymerization of the system styrene/maleic acid anhydride in the presence and absence of oxygen was investigated. The acceleration of the reaction by oxygen cannot be explained by the formation of peroxy compounds. The initiation of the reaction by the cationic styrene radical and an anionic radical of maleic acid anhydride is discussed.
    Notes: Die spontane thermische Polymerisation des Systems Styrol/Maleinsäureanhydrid wurde in Gegenwart und Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff untersucht. Durch entsprechende Untersuchungen konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Beschleunigung der Reaktion unter Sauerstoffeinfluß nicht auf gebildete peroxidische Verbindungen zurückgeführt werden kann. Es wird die Reaktionsauslösung über ein Kationenradikal des Styrols und ein Anionenradikal des Maleinsäureanhydrids diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Based on 13C NMR investigations the microstructure of the polymer chain is shown to be controlled by varying the monomer composition. The copolymerization of maleic anhydride with styrene in excess results in distinct deviations from the alternating structure.
    Notes: Anhand von 13C-NMR-Messungen wird gezeigt, wie durch Variation der Monomerzusammensetzung die Mikrostruktur der makromolekularen Kette vorbestimmt werden kann. Bei unter Überschuß von Styren ablaufender Copolymerisation mit MSA entstehen sicher nachweisbare Abweichungen von der alternierenden Struktur.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 32 (1981), S. 300-307 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In the copolymerization of maleic anhydride with weak donor monomers the rate of polymerization depends in different ways on the monomer composition. Three principally different types of plots demonstrating the dependence of the overall rate of polymerization on the composition of the monomer mixture in the systems styrene/MSA, vinylacetate/MSA and acrylamide/MSA were obtained. The explanation of these differences is based on separate association of monomers in the growth reaction and dominating cross termination as compared with the termination of unique monomers.
    Notes: Bei der Copolymerisation von Maleinsäureanhydrid mit schwachen Donatormonomeren wird die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit in unterschiedlicher Weise von der Monomerzusammensetzung beeinflußt. Es werden drei grundsätzlich unterschiedliche Kurventypen für die Abhängigkeit der Bruttopolymerisationsgeschwindigkeit von der Zusammensetzung der Monomermischung an den Systemen Styren/MSA, Vinylacetat/MSA und Acrylamid/MSA gefunden und auf der Basis der getrennten Anlagerung der Monomere im Wachstumsschritt und einem gegenüber den Abbruchschritten gleichartiger Radikale erhöhten gekreuzten Abbruchschritt diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 34 (1983), S. 272-277 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The maximum of the overall rate of polymerization Vov in dependence on the monomer composition in the copolymerization of maleic anhydride with donor monomers can be explained by individual addition of monomers in the propagation step. The position of the maximum is essentially affected by the cross propagation constants k12 and k21, and further by the differences of the termination constants ka11, ka12 and ka22. Equations for calculating Vov(max) from the individual constants are provided. A rough estimation of k21/k12 based on the position of Vov(max) is suggested.
    Notes: Die bei der Copolymerisation von Maleinsäureanhydrid mit Donatormonomeren auftretenden Maximakurven für die Bruttopolymerisationsgeschwindigkeit VBr in Abhängigkeit von der Monomerzusammensetzung lassen sich nach dem Modell der Einzelanlagerung der Monomere in der Wachstumsreaktion erklären. Die Maximalage wird wesentlich durch das Verhältnis der gekreuzten Wachstumskonstanten k12 und k21 bestimmt. Ein weiterer Einfluß resultiert aus Unterschieden in den Abbruchkonstanten ka11, ka12 und ka22. Es werden Gleichungen zur Berechnung von VBr(max.) bei Kenntnis der Einzelkonstanten angegeben. Eine Grobabschätzung für k21/k12 aus der Lage des VBr-Maximums wird vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: From a series of known inhibitors only the Koelsch-radical proved to be suitable for the kst determination in the system styrene/maleic anhydride. kst was determined in relation to its dependence on monomer composition. Observed retardation phenomena show the presence of two types of active chain ends.
    Notes: Von einer Auswahl bekannter Inhibitoren erwies sich lediglich das Koelsch-Radikal für die kst-Bestimmung am System Styrol/Maleinsäureanhydrid als geeignet. kst wurde in Abhängigkeit von der Monomerzusammensetzung bestimmt. Aufgetretene Retardierungserscheinungen weisen auf das Vorliegen von zwei Arten aktiver Kettenenden hin.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 30 (1979), S. 711-716 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The initiation rate of the system styrene-maleic acid anhydride was determined by using a labelled initiator (tracer method) in acetonitrile, acetone and tetrahydrofurane as solvents at different molar ratios of the monomers and constant overall monomer concentration. The initiation rate was found to depend distinctly on the composition of the monomer mixture. The kinetic chain length and the ratio of the rate constants kw/ka1/2 are discussed.
    Notes: Die Startgeschwindigkeit des Systems Styrol/Maleinsäureanhydrid wurde unter Benutzung eines radioaktiv markierten Initiators (Tracer-Methode) in den Lösungsmitteln Acetonitril, Aceton, Tetrahydrofuran bei unterschiedlicher molarer Zusammensetzung der Monomermischung unter Konstanthalten der Gesamtmonomerkonzentration gemessen. Es zeigte sich eine deutliche Abhängigkeit der Startgeschwindigkeit von der Zusammensetzung der Monomermischung. Die kinetische Kettenlänge sowie das Konstantenverhältnis kw/ka1/2 werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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