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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (9)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface sulphonated highly crosslinked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1988), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Reihe oberflächensulfonierter, makroporöser Styrol-Divinylbenzol-Copolymerer mit unterschiedlichen Gehalten an SO3H-Gruppen wurden hergestellt. Sowohl von diesen Copolymeren als auch vom nichtsulfonierten Copolymeren wurden Porenstruktur, Oberflächenhydrophilie und -polarität sowie das Sorptionsverhalten gegenüber einigen in Blut vorkommenden Substanzen bestimmt. Der Sorptionsgrad wird umso kleiner, je größer die Oberflächenpolarität ist. Die teilsulfonierten Polymeren könnten eine Anwendung in der Hämoperfusion finden.
    Notes: A series of surface sulphonated macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene (S-DVB) copolymers containing various amounts of  - SO3H groups was obtained. Porous structure, surface hydrophilicity and polarity, and sorption properties of these copolymers as well as those of starting S-DVB resin towards some substances which are present in blood were determined. The sorption degree becomes the smaller the higher is the surface polarity. The partially sulphonated copolymers may find an application in hemoperfusion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1988.051620113
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porous terpolymers: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate-co-divinylbenzene) (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1991), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Suspensionspolymerisation wurden Terpolymere aus Acrylnitril (AN), Vinylacetat (VA) (7,5-30 mol-%, bezogen auf AN) und Divinylbenzol (DVB) (10 Gew.-%) hergestellt. Als Verdünner wurden Mischungen von Toluol oder Cyclohexanol (90 Vo1.-%) mit Hexadecan, Octan, Dodecan, 2-Ethylhexanol oder Benzylalkohol (jeweils 10 Vo1.-%) verwendet.Die Porosität der AN-VA-DVB-Terpolymeren ist mit 0,61-0,68 größer als die der entsprechenden AN-DVB-Copolymeren. Die übermolekulare Struktur der Terpolymeren hängt vom verwendeten Verdünner ab, obwohl sich die Porositäten nicht sehr voneinander unterscheiden. Die beim Erhitzen der Terpolymeren auf Temperaturen über 200°C auftretenden thermischen Effekte sind signifikant größer als die bei der Cyclisierung von AN-Polymeren gemessenen.
    Notes: Terpolymers of acrylonitrile (AN), vinyl acetate (VA) (7.5-30 mol-%, related to AN), and divinylbenzene (DVB) (10 wt.-%) were prepared by suspension polymerization. The diluents used were mixtures of toluene or cyclohexanol (90 vol.-%) with solvents (10 vol.-%) such as hexadecane (HD), octane (O), dodecane (D), 2-ethylhexanol (E) or benzyl alcohol (B).It has been found that AN-VA-DVB terpolymers have a higher porosity, about 0.61-0.68, than corresponding AN-DVB copolymers. The terpolymers obtained with mixtures of various diluents differ in their supermolecular structure although they had similar porosity characteristics.The thermal effects accompanying heating of the terpolymers above 200°C significantly exceed that of nitrile groups cyclization observed of the other AN polymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1991.051930103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A search for optimal acrylic carriers for immobilization of penicillin acylase (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1990), S. 173-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Tragersubstanzen auf Acrylbasis wurden durch Aminolyse von Nitril- oder Estergruppen in Co. oder Terpolymeren aus Acrylnitril oder Acrylsäureestern und Divinylbenzol oder Ethylendimethacrylat in Gegenwart inerter Solventien hergestellt. Der Einfluß der übermolekularen Struktur dieser Trägersubstanzen, die durch Zugabe inerter Solventien während der Suspensionspolymerisation erzeugt wurde, auf deren Tragereigenschaften wurde untersucht. Geeignete Trägersubstanzen zur Immobilisierung von Penicillinacylase wurden entweder aus porösen oder ‘Sol’-Typ-Copolymeren erhalten; sie zeigten nach der Aminolyse die Struktur eines expandierten Gels.
    Notes: Acrylic carriers were obtained by aminolysis of nitrile or ester groups in copolymers or terpolymers synthesized from acrylonitrile, acrylic esters and divinylbenzene or ethylene dimethacrylate in the presence of a mixture of inert diluents. The influence of the supermolecular structure of these carriers, generated during the suspension polymerization by adding a mixture of inert diluents, on the carrier properties was observed. Acrylic carriers for immobilization of penicillin acylase should be obtained from either porous or ‘sol’-type copolymers which aquire after aminolysis the structure of expanded gel.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051790113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porous copolymers of trimethylolpropane triacrylate and acrylonitrile (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 1299-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The homopolymer of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPA) was synthesized by suspension polymerization using a thermodynamically good solvent (toluene) as a porogen (vol. ratio 1:1). This polymer possesses a high specific surface area (437 m2 · g-1) and porosity (50%). It was found by sorption of benzene and cyclohexane that the majority of the pores are in the range of 1-5 nm. Sorption of phenol, a standard sorbate, from a water solution is proportional to the specific surface area of the mesopores. This sorption is higher than that of nonspecific sorbents (like styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers) and smaller than the sorption of specific ones (like acrylonitrile/divinylbenzene copolymers).Two sets of reactive copolymers were obtained. In the first set, TMPA (20-40 vol.-%) was polymerized with acrylonitrile (AN) in the presence of a constant amount of toluene as an inert diluent (vol. ratio 1:1). In the second set of copolymers the cross-linking degree was kept constant (30 or 40 vol.-% of TMPA) but various solvent mixtures were used, namely: toluene/tetradecane or hexadecane, toluene/2-ethylhexanol, cyclohexanol/tetradecane or hexadecane, cyclohexanol/2-ethylhexanol (vol. ratio 9:1). It was found that all the copolymers are macroporous (volume of pores approx. 1,0 cm3 · g-1) but those obtained in the presence of good solvents display a higher specific surface area and hence better sorption properties towards phenol than those obtained in the presence of poor solvents. The swelling of AN/TMPA copolymers is smaller than that of the TMPA homopolymer due to the presence of additional physical crosslinks formed by the strongly polar nitrile groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940504
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylic carriers for the immobilization of enzymes (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 171 (1989), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde der Einfluß der übermolekularen Struktur von Trägern, die durch Aminolyse von Nitril- oder Estergruppen in mit Divinylbenzol oder Ethylendimethacrylat vernetzten Acrylcopolymeren hergestellt wurden, auf die Immobilisierung von Enzymen untersucht. Die auf Trägern mit poröser Struktur immobilisierten Enzyme Peroxidase, Glucoamylase und Urease zeigen im Vergleich mit Trägern mit expandierter Struktur eine höhere Aktivität. Die Anzahl der funktionellen Gruppen im Träger beeinflußt die Aktivität der immobilisierten Enzyme, es besteht jedoch kein linearer Zusammenhang.
    Notes: The influence of the supermolecular structure of carriers obtained by aminolysis of nitrile or ester groups of acrylic copolymers crosslinked with divinylbenzene or ethylene dimethacrylate was investigated. The enzymes peroxidase, glucoamylase and urease immobilized on the carriers of a porous structure display a higher activity as compared to carriers with an expanded structure. The number of functional groups in the carrier influences the activity of the immobilized enzyme, but there is no linear relationship.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051710116
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and some properties of methacrylonitrile/divinylbenzene macroporous copolymers (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 217 (1994), S. 19-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Copolymere aus Methacrylnitril (MAN) und Divinylbenzol (DVB) mit unterschiedlichen Vernetzergehalten zwischen 6 und 50 Gew.-% DVB wurden durch Suspensions-polymerisation in Gegenwart eines Lösungsmittelgemisches (1 : 1, v/v) aus Toluol und Tetradecan (9 : 1, v/v) hergestellt. Die Porosität der Copolymeren (MAN/DVB) lag zwischen 48 und 57,3%. Die spezifische Oberfläche der Copolymeren nahm mit steigendem Vernetzungsgrad zu. Die Sorptionseigenschaften für eine wässerige Phenollösung ähneln denen von Acrylnitril/DVB-Copolymeren. Die thermische Stabilität der MAN/DVB-Copolymeren ist vergleichsweise schlecht (geringer Ruckstand), wahrscheinlich dadurch bedingt, daß die Nitrilgruppen nicht thermisch cyclisiert werden können und die Depolymerisation einen merklichen Einfluß hat.
    Notes: Copolymers of methacrylonitrile (MAN) and divinylbenzene (DVB) of different crosslinking degree between 6-50 wt.-% DVB were obtained by suspension polymerization of monomers in the presence of a diluent (1 : 1, v/v), i.e. a mixture of toluene with tetradecane (9 : 1, v/v). Porosity of the copolymers (MAN/DVB) has been found to fall in the range 48-57.3%. Specific surface area of the copolymers increased in the range of mesopores with the increasing crosslinking degree. Sorption properties of the copolymers towards aqueous phenol solution are similar to those of acrylonitrile-DVB copolymers. MAN/DVB copolymers display rather poor thermal stability (low residue) what indicates that thermally initiated cyclization of nitrile groups can not take place and the influence of depolymerization may be significant.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052170103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of terpolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as matrices for hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 242 (1996), S. 147-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Suspensionspolymerisation von 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat, Dodecylmethacrylat und Ethylenglycoldimethacrylat wurden Polymermatrices hergestellt. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Porosität durch Zugabe von Monomeren mit hydrophoben Seitenketten abnimmt. Trypsin, Rinderserumalbumin und Lipase dienten als Proteinstandards zur Bewertung der Sorbentienhydrophobie. Isokratische Chromatographie bei verschiedenen Ionenstärken offenbarte unterschiedliches Elutionsverhalten. Für einige Sorbentien wird über den gesamten Bereich der Ionenstärkevariation ein Ionenaustauschmodus beobachtet, während andere beim Überschreiten einer kritischen Salzkonzentration einen hydrophoben Wechselwirkungscharakter aufwiesen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, diese kritische Salzkonzentration als relatives Maß für die Hydrophobie der einzelnen Protein-Matrix-Salz-Systeme zu verwenden. Es wird gezeigt, daß die mit 90 μmol/g Dodecylmethacrylat in der Monomerenmischung hergestellte Matrix ausreichend hydrophob ist zur Trennung der Proteine und somit bei der Hydrophobchromatographie von Proteinen wirksam einsetzbar sein sollte.
    Notes: Polymer matrices were prepared by suspension polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. It was shown that porosity decreased with the addition of monomers with hydrophobic side chains. Trypsin, bovine serum albumin and lipase served as standard proteins in sorbent hydrophobicity evaluation. Isocratic chromatography at various ionic strengths revealed different elution behaviours. Some sorbents exhibited an ion-exchange mode in the whole range of ionic strength variation. Some others showed a hydrophobic interaction character when the salt concentration exceeded a critical value. It is suggested to take this critical salt concentration as a relative measure of hydrophobicity for particular protein-matrix-salt systems. It was shown that the matrix containing 90 μmol/g of dodecyl methacrylate was enough hydrophobic to differentiate proteins and thus could be used effectively for hydrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052420110
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of bifunctional ion-exchange resins through the Arbusov reaction: Effect on selectivity and kinetics (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 52 (1994), S. 1273-1277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Bifunctional ion-exchange resins are synthesized from vinylbenzyl chloride - styrne copolymers. The two types of functional groups are introduced by an Arbusov reaction followed by sulfonation. The effect of ligand ratios, macroporosity, and matrix rigidity on the complexation of Eu (III) from solutions of low pH is quantified. It is found that ion complexation kinetics and selectivity are maximized with resins having both sulfonic and phosphonic acid ligands. Maximum metal ion complexation rates depend on a balance between chemical interactions (i.e., a bifunctional network interacting with a given substrate through an access and a recognition mechanism) and physical parameters (i.e., matrix porosity and rigidity). Structural integrity must be maintained through an appropriate crosslink level in order for the advantage of bifunctionality to be maintained in low-pH solutions. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070520912
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of a bifunctional ion exchange resin with polystyrene-immobilized diphosphonic acid ligands (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new ion exchange resin for the selective complexation of metal ions has been synthesized by functionalizing vinylbenzyl chloride-styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer beads with the sodium salt of tetra(isopropyl) methylene diphosphonate. The effects of bifunctionality, matrix rigidity, degree of functionalization, and macroporosity on final resin properties have been quantified. A sulfonic acid-diphosphonic acid bifunctional resin is highly selective with rapid complexation kinetics. A macroporous polymer matrix crosslinked with 10% divinylbenzene provides optimum results; for example, 99.7% Eu(III) is complexed from a 1M nitric acid solution with a 30-min contact time. The importance of physical crosslinking as well as chemical crosslinking in limiting access of substrates into polymer-supported reagents is discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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