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  • Articles  (3)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Use of Surfactants for Mechanical Liquid Separation. Mechanical dewatering of finegrained solid materials can be improved by the addition of surfactants. As interface-active substances surfactants reduce surface tension and consequently the capillary forces within the bed of solid particles. A hydrophobization of the solid surface due to the adsorption of surfactants may contribute to further reduction of moisture as well. The development of non-foaming surfactants enables the use without distrubing other ongoing processes by the formation of foam. Investigations on the interaction between the adsorption behaviour, type of material surface, and contact time during dewatering processes support the optimization of dewatering agents. The use of surfactants is an attractive means of improving or replacing other methods of mechanical dewatering.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 21 (1996), S. 266-270 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The height of a theoretical plate of 7 nitroaromatic substances and 2 aliphatic explosives was determined in dependence on the flow rate. The optimal flow rate for the maximum of the number of theoretical plates is in the area of 0.4 to 0.6 ml/min. For difficult separations this should be considered, since most HPLC instruments are used in the area of 0.7 to 1.0 ml/min. The amount of theoretical plates was calculated and presented in dependence of the flow rate. The height of a theoretical plate was plotted against the retention time and the capacity factor. The optimal area for the separation of the substances was at a capacity factor of 2 to 10. The van Deemter equation and the Knox equation were adjusted using 2,4-dinitrotoluene. The data were fitted iteratively and the constants were determined. The equation for the conversion of the flow rate for other column diameters was shown, and using an example, the dependence of the flow rate on the column inner diameter and the flow rate was presented graphically.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 22 (1997), S. 321-325 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used in a large extent for environmental analysis. In this field many components have to be determined at the same time, but it is difficult to find the optimum separation conditions. Therefore, retention times of explosives and propellant components were determined at different solvent compositions of methanol/water and different temperatures on a column with an octadecyl phase. From the data constants were calculated for solvent and temperature dependence. With the determined data different column conditions were simulated by computer and the separation was optimized. The optimal separation was verified experimentally and compared with the calculated values. The deviation from calculated and experimental retention times lies as a rule below 2% and has a maximum of approximately 3.3%. Thus, separation of substance mixtures can be optimized by determination of column constants for temperature and solvent dependence.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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