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  • Articles  (32)
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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (32)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (32)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cure kinetics of a flexible aromatic dicyanate with schiff base structure (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1585-1592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polycyclotrimerization of a flexible aromatic dicyanate with a Schiff base structure was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The study on dynamic DSC evaluated an apparent activation energy (Ea) of 75.8 kJ/mol and autocatalytic first-order kinetics with rate expression Af(α) = 1.96 X 105 (1 + 4.39 α) (1 - α) min-1. The kinetic feature can be explained by a proposed mechanism consisting of hydroxyl-catalyzed and autocatalytic paths. The lower value of Ea compared with other aromatic dicyanates is due to the electron-withdrawing linkage of the inherent imine ( - CH=N) structure. The kinetic feature is affected by the content of the residual impurities (e.g., phenols or absorbed water) in the corresponding sample. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580922
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    General procedures to determine the composition of commercial, two-part polysulfide aircraft sealants (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 2837-2856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Interpretation of the chemical processes which polysulfide sealants undergo either on storage or when the cured material is subjected to environmental influences requires detailed knowledge of formulations. Procedures have been developed to isolate and identify a range of additives in two-part commercial aircraft sealants of both the dichromate and manganese dioxide cure types. Solvents, curing agent dispersants, and cure rate modifiers were separated chemically and thermal analysis was demonstrated to provide a ready means to estimate carbon in fillers. The phenolic resin adhesion enhancers were conveniently determined using 13C-NMR spectroscopy and could also be identified using size exclusion chromatography. It was shown that virtually no interaction occurred between polysulfide liquid polymers and phenolic resins following aging at 70°C for 7 days. The most appropriate methods for determining curative levels were established and new means of assessing thiol content of the polysulfides by both 13C-NMR and PMR spectroscopy are described. The significance of aspects of the sealant formulations is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070411126
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shrinkage force studies of oriented polyethylene terephthalate (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 1921-1929 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Shrinkage force measurements on drawn polyethylene terephthalate fibres have been evaluated in terms of the elastic behaviour of a molecular network. It is shown that for low network deformations the classical theory of Kuhn and Grün describes the stress-optical behaviour very well. For high deformations, the recent theory of Edwards and Vilgis has been found to give a satisfactory description of the data. It also provides some tentative insights into the structure of the spun yarns.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420715
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes on plasma irradiation of ethyl-cyanethyl cellulose as revealed by infrared spectroscopic technique (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 19-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ethyl-cyanethyl cellulose was treated with oxygen plasma using the RF glow discharge technique. Three different plasma-treated samples, including gel fraction, soluble fraction, and newly polymerized product by small moleculars given off by ethyl-cyanethyl cellulose, were obtained. With the infrared spectroscopic technique, the structural differences caused by plasma were studied. The effect of different gas plasma N2, Ar, and O2 on the structure of ethyl-cyanethyl cellulose was also studied.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adiabatic anionic polymerization of caprolactam in the presence of N-acylated caprolactam macroactivator: Kinetic study (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 1671-1681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this study, bis ∊-caprolactam bis-diphenyl methane diisocyanate polypropylene glycol 1000 used as the macroactivator was prepared and well characterized prior to use. The anionic polymerization of ∊-caprolactam with the macroactivator as a function of the macroactivator concentration was adiabatically carried out. The adiabatic temperature rise method as well as the macrokinetics were used for elucidation of the kinetics of the polymerization. A nonlinear regression technique was used for determining the parameters of the macrokinetic equation. The equilibrium conversion and equilibrium time obtained were 94-96% and 2-9 min depending on the macroactivator concentration. The effects of the concentrations of macroactivator and ∊-caprolactam on the initial rate, apparent overall reaction rate, and the empirical parameters were studied. A side reaction induced by the transfer of the proton in the isocyanurate group of the macroactivator to caprolactam anion was found. According to this finding, a new reaction kinetic model was proposed by properly modifying the macrokinetic equation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070501001
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A thermally stimulated current/relaxation map analysis of the relaxation processes in aromatic polyester, liquid crystal polymer film (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 587-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermally stimulated current (TSC) and relaxation map analysis (RMA) have been applied to the examination of dynamics of thermally induced relaxation processes in highly oriented, wholly aromatic, polyester liquid crystalline polymer films. Films of two compositions were examined. A primary distinction in composition was the difference in level of 6-hydroxy-2-napthoic acid. Following an analysis protocol developed by Sauer et al., it was found that values of activation enthalpy were well above the zero entropy value at temperatures well below the Sauer “Tg.” This indicates a high level of cooperativity in rotational relaxation processes even at low temperatures. Cooperative rotational relaxation domains were postulated to account for this behavior. The persistence of cooperativity above the Sauer “Tg.” is evidence that these materials did not undergo a conventional glass transition at any temperature in the range-80 to 200°C. The behavior of these materials as a model system of “loosely bundled rods” was examined using a modified Barker-Crine analysis. This type of model behavior seemed to fall off at relatively low temperatures. The occurrence of rotational processes at high temperatures with little or no loss in orientation suggests that polymer chains are physically constrained to maintain their relative positions. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070530511
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetals as nucleating agents for polypropylene (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 52 (1994), S. 591-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nucleating agents increase the impact strength, tensile strength, and tensile elasticity modulus of semicrystalline polymers. Nucleating agents also decrease product cycle times, resulting in a cost savings per product unit. We have synthesized and tested 15 compounds as nucleactors for polypropylene. Of these, trinapthylidene sorbitol, tri-(4-methyl-1-naphthylidene)sorbitol, tri-(4-methoxy-1-naphthylidene) sorbitol, and dibenzylidene xylitol are efficient nucleators of polypropylene. Trinaphthylidene sorbitol (tns) has two major diastereomers: The “S” diastereomer yields a faster crystallization rate for polypropylene than does the commercial nucleator dibenzylidene sorbitol (Millad 3905). Crystallization rates are 208 and 88, respectively (t-1.05 min-1 × 1000). The “R” diastereomer, however, is a poor nucleator and interferes with the nucleating activity of the “S” diastereomer. A 52/48 mixture of diastereomers does not nucleate polypropylene, even at twice the concentration. This is first time that the importance of stereochemistry has been demonstrated in the nucleating action. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070520502
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of processing on the microstructure, melting behavior, and equilibrium melting temperature of polypropylene (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 663-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polypropylene (PP) was extruded and injection-molded several times to mimic the effect of recycling procedures on PP. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to follow crystallization rates under isothermal conditions in a temperature range of 120-150°C. Melting behavior and equilibrium melting temperatures were studied using the Hoffman-Weeks method of extrapolation. Optical microscopy combined with a hot stage was also used to follow the spherulite microstructure and crystal phase upon recycling of PP. Wide-angle X-ray spectroscopy identified the crystal phase at different isothermal crystallization temperatures. Twin melting peaks obtained for PP melting following isothermal crystallization were associated with crystal rearrangement during fusion. PP spherulite size and equilibrium melting temperatures were seen to increase with processing events, whereas reprocessing decreased nuclei density. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of boron treatment on oxidation of carbon fiber in air (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 915-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An investigation is performed to study the influence of boron treatment on carbon fiber: its oxidation behaviors, kinetics, and structure and properties at a high-temperature atmosphere in air. PAN-based carbon fiber is treated with either liquid organoborate or inorganic borate, which elevates the decomposing point above 260°C and doubles the average oxidation activation energy from about 100 kJ/mol of the untreated fiber to above 200 kJ/mol of the treated fiber, with the first order of the fiber oxidation reaction under nonisothermal conditions. The boron coating formed on the fiber surface after the treatment may cap off the specific surface active sites to function as a diffusion barrier that inhibits the oxidation, and its main structure is identified as boron oxide by means of X-ray diffraction and XPS analyses. During the process, the mechanical properties develop slightly; however, the morphology structure observed by SEM changes greatly. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tensile drawing behaviour of polyethylene terephthalate (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 1911-1920 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A wide range of polyethylene terephthalate fibres was prepared by melt spinning to different degrees of molecular orientation. The tensile drawing behaviour of these fibers was then studied, either by drawing over a heated cylinder at 85°C or by drawing over both a heated cylinder and a plate at 180°C. The mechanical properties and structure of the subsequent drawn fibres are discussed in terms of the network draw ratio, determined by matching true stress-strain curves for the drawn and initial melt spun fibres. It is shown that this procedure provides valuable insight into subtle differences in properties and structure that can arise from differences in processing routes.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420714
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