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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopic, transmission electron microscopic, and confocal laser scanning microscopic observation of fibroblasts cultured on microgrooved surfaces of bulk titanium substrata (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 (1998), S. 425-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: surface topography ; plasma etching ; cellular orientation ; focal adhesion point ; in vitro ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: During this study, microtechnology and plasma etching were used to produce gratings 1.0 (TiD01), 2.0 (TiD02), 5.0 (TiD05), and 10.0 μm wide (TiD10) into commercially pure titanium wafers. After incubation of rat dermal fibroblast (RDFs) on these surfaces for 3 days, the cells were observed with scanning electron (SEM), transmission electron (TEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results showed that the RDFs as a whole and their stress fibers oriented strictly parallel to the surface pattern on the TiD01 and TiD02 surfaces. On the TiD05 and TiD10 surfaces, this orientation was not observed. In addition, TEM and CLSM demonstrated that the focal adhesion points (FAP) were located mainly on the surface pattern ridges. TEM revealed that FAP were wrapped occasionally around the edges of the ridges. Only the RDFs on both the TiD05 and TiD10 surfaces protruded into the grooves and possessed FAP on the walls of the grooves. Attachment to the groove floor was observed only on the TiD10 textures. Comparison of these results with earlier observations on microtextured silicone rubber substrata suggests that material-specific properties do not influence the orientational effect of the surface texture on the observed RDF cellular behavior. The proliferation rate of the RDFs, however, seems to be much higher on titanium than on silicone rubber substrata. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 425-433, 1998.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ausscheidung von Hollanditwhiskern in Aluminiumtitanatglaskeramiken (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 25 (1994), S. 490-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Precipitation of Hollandite Whiskers in Aluminum Titanate Glass CeramicsThe preparative chemical basis of the reinforcement of aluminum titanate ceramics via dissolution of whisker-shaped phases is established. Main emphasis is put on the non-silicate system Ba-Al-Ti-O, which contains the hollandite phase Ba1,23Al2.46Ti5.54O16. Such hollandite crystals are potential new ceramic whiskers for the purpose of reinforcing ceramics. In the case of tielite ceramics their preparation can be realized „in situ“ via a glass-ceramic-process, the final step of which beeing crystallization of the tielite-matrix. Thus a texture of high density, penetrated by whiskers, is obtained.
    Notes: Die präparativ-chemischen Voraussetzungen für eine Verstärkung von Aluminiumtitanatkeramiken durch innere Ausscheidung Whiskerförmiger Fremdphasen werden erarbeitet. Der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchunghen liegt bei dem nichtsilicatischen System Ba-Al-Ti-O. Hierin existiert die Hollanditphase Ba1,23Al2,46Ti5,54O16. Solche Hollanditkristalle stellen potentielle neue keramische whisker zum Zwecke der Verstärkung von Keramiken dar. Im Falle von Tialitkeramiken gelingt die Darstellung dieser Whisker „in situ“ auf dem Wege eines glaskeramischen Prozesses, dessen abschließender Schritt in der Kristallisation der Tialitmatrix besteht. Man erhält ein dichtes, whiskerdurchdrungenes Gefüge.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19940251210
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quaternäre Keramiken im System Si/B/N/C aus polymeren Carbamidsäurederivaten (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 29 (1998), S. 573-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Quaternary Ceramics in the System Si/B/N/C from Polymeric Carbamid Acid DerivativesSolid polymeric materials can be formed through reaction of the single-source precursor trichlorosilyl-amino-dichloroborane (TADB) with derivatives of carbamic or formic acid. Pyrolysis of these polymers at 1500 °C results in ceramic materials of the composition SiBN2.3Cx with X = 0.4 - 2.5. The high-temperature and oxidation behaviours of the ceramics depend on the starting polymer. The ceramic networks consist of tetrahedrally coordinated silicon and trigonally planar coordinated boron. They are homogeneous with respect to the elemental distribution, and remain in the amorphous state up to at least 1500°C.
    Notes: Aus dem molekularen Einkomponentenvorläufer Trichlorsilyl-amino-dichlorboran (TADB) können durch Umsetzung mit Derivaten der Carbamid- bzw. Ameisensäure polymere Feststoffe gewonnen werden. Durch Pyrolyse dieser Polymere bei 1500 °C erhält man keramische Materialien der Zusammensetzung SiBN2,3Cx mit X = 0,4-2,5. Hochtemperatur- und Oxidationsverhalten der Keramiken sind je nach Ausgangspolymer sehr unterschiedlich. Die keramischen Netzwerke bestehen aus tetraedrisch koordiniertem Silicium und trigonal-planar koordiniertem Bor, sind bezüglich der Elementverteilung homogen und bleiben bis mindestens 1500 °C amorph.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19980291007
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of the bone reaction to three different titanium alloy and hydroxyapatite coated implants (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 4 (1993), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the bone response to three different types of titanium (Ti) alloys and hydroxyapatite (HA) coated titanium alloy by histological and histomorphometrical analysis. Therefore, implants made of these materials were inserted into the tibia of rabbits. Implantation times were 6 and 16 weeks. The histological evaluation included measurement of the amount of bone apposition and analysis of the bone reaction and interface characteristics around the implants. The results demonstrated no marked differences in bony reaction to the different implant materials. In addition, the HA coatings showed loss of thickness. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770040302
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of EVA-containing mercapto groups in natural rubber-EVA blends. II. The effect of curing system on mechanical and thermal properties of the blends (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 591-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Natural rubber (NR)-poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) blends have been studied by incorporation of mercapto-modified EVA (EVASH) combined with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a curing agent. The mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of NR-EVA blends as functions of blend composition and compatibilizer and/or curative additions were investigated. An EVASH-DCP combined system leads to the greatest improvement in tensile strength when EVA is dispersed within the NR matrix. Higher performance on Shore A hardness was also achieved with this combined system. For blends characterized by NR domains dispersed in the EVA matrix, the efficiency of pure DCP in improving the tensile strength is higher. Morphological observations and selective extraction experiments indicate the cross-linking of NR phase in both systems. A cross-linking of the EVA phase is also suggested by DCP or an EVASH-DCP combined system, based on the decreasing degree of crystallinity of this phase. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic copolyimide membranes for high temperature gas separations: H2/CH4, H2/N2, and O2/N2 (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 1261-1270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of high-molecular weight condensation polyimides prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) or 3,3,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) with 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) and/or 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (NA), and a series of high-molecular weight condensation poly(amide-imides) prepared from trimellitic anhydride acid chloride (TMAC) with ODA and/or NA were evaluated to determine, in the temperature region 50-250°C, the effect of polymer molecular structure on the permeability and ideal permselectivity of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and methane. Replacement of ODA with NA generally decreases the permeability of each gas but it increases the permselectivity, which is explained by suppression of both the packing disruption effect and intrasegmental mobility of the amine segments. In general, the overall lower permeation values for the TMAC series of polyimides are much lower than the BTDA-derived series, being the highest for the PMDA-derived series. Permeation data were used to calculate the performance of a hollow fiber module on an industrial scale. It is shown that hydrogen can be efficiently recovered (〉 90%) with a purity of at least 95% from ammonia synthesis off-gas with a feed concentration of 61 mol % of hydrogen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410534
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of EVA-containing mercapto groups in natural rubber-EVA blends. I. Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) modified with mercaptoacetic acid on mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of blends of natural rubber (NR) and EVA copolymers has been investigated. The introduction of EVASH promotes a crosslinking of natural rubber phase as indicated by extraction experiments and microscopy analysis. This crosslinking may be attributed to bonding between sulfhydryl groups along the EVASH backbone and double bonds in rubber phase and may be responsible for the hardness improvement of most of the studied blends. Better results on hardness and ultimate tensile strength with EVASH addition were achieved for NR-EVA (60 : 40) ratio, probably due to cocontinuous morphology of this composition. The influence of EVASH on crystallinity degree of NR-EVA blends was also studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The morphology of the blends was studied through scanning electronic microscopy. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of organosilicone-polyurethanes as stone preservation and consolidation materials (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 1237-1242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two organosilicone-modified polyurethanes are investigated as potential materials for the conservation and consolidation of natural stones. The materials are low molecular weight oligomers at the application stage and react with the humidity of the air to give polymers, forming continuous microlayers. The two differ in the length of the organosilicone chain, resulting in pronounced differences in their physical state: one forms a brittle glassy material (Tg ≈ 70°C). and the other, a soft rubbery material (Tg ≈ -100°C). The rate of the polymerization of the prepolymers was investigated at different conditions, showing a strong dependence on the presence of a catalyst and air humidity. Both these favorable conditions exist probably in the natural stone pores, enhancing the formation of the protective hydrophobic internal microlayer. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue response to percutaneous implants in rabbits (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 295-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study reports on certain aspects of wound-healing around percutaneous implants. Plasma-sprayed and dense hydroxylapatite, titanium, and carbon test implants were inserted into the tibia and the cranium of 12 rabbits. Four and 8 months after insertion, the animals were sacrificed and the implants with their surrounding tissues were processed histologically. Light- and transmission electron microscopic investigations were performed. It is found that direct and indirect boneanchoring favors the longevity of percutaneous implants. No differences in tissue reaction between the various implant materials were observed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820240303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fibroblast response to microtextured silicone surfaces: Texture orientation into or out of the surface (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 647-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Previous studies suggested that surface topographic configurations of 1-3 μm influence cellular behavior and tissue response. They did not address which specific aspect of the configurations elicits the cellular response. We therefore investigated the effect of the orientation of several surface configurations. Seven different textures on polydimethyl siloxane (silicone; Dow Corning Silastic®) specimens were used to test the question of whether orientation into (down) or out of the surface (up) affected cellular response to a material. The textures were smooth and photoetched configurations of 2 μm up, 2 μm down, 5 μm up, 5 μm down, 10 μm up, and 10 μm down. The response of cultured fibroblasts on these surfaces was compared with that of a standard tissue culture material, polyethylene terephalate (ThermanoxTM). The cell density was measured over a 12-day period with the use of a colorimetric assay. The uptake of methylene blue was measured daily and compared as an absorbance in a destaining agent. Cells on the 2 and 5 μm up arrays showed increased rates of proliferation and cell density as compared with their down counterparts. This would indicate that textures of 2 and 5 μm have a significant influence on cell growth, and that the surface with hills has a greater effect than the surface with wells. In contrast, the 10 μm up and 10 μm down arrays did not prove to be statistically different from smooth ones. This indicates that the orientation effect is related to the configuration size and that this configuration size is not viewed differently from smooth silicone by the cells. The presented data are in agreement with results of this laboratory and others that fibroblasts recognize the dimensions of surface configurations and react accordingly. Specifically, they appear to react to the uppermost surface area presented to them, but conclusive data can only be obtained from a study of the focal adhesions. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820280515
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