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  • acid base chemistry  (2)
  • Pollution  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of road salt contamination using multiple regression and GIS (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental management 18 (1994), S. 767-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Road salt ; Statistics ; Streams ; Pollution ; GIS ; NaCl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A multiple regression model of atmospheric deposition of salt, combined with geographic information systems (GIS) data on four classes of roads, is used to predict sodium concentrations in 162 randomly chosen streams in Massachusetts. All four classes of roads, as well as atmospheric deposition, were found to be highly significant in a model that explains 68% of the observed variation in sodium concentration. The highest salt loading rates are associated with interstate and major state roads with an estimated 22,500 and 17,700 kg of salt per kilometer, respectively. Our mass balance calculations indicate road salt is the major source of salt to the streams in Massachusetts. We examined some of the common statistical problems associated with the use of multiple regression for this type of analysis. Our confidence in the accuracy of the loading rates estimated above are limited by the collinear nature of environmental data and uncertainties related to model specification. Our results suggest multiple regression techniques can lead to overconfidence in the accuracy of the estimated loading rates and thus should not be used as the basis for policy unless the model is validated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394639
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of recovery from acidification in Massachusetts streams (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 96 (1997), S. 211-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acid rain ; Massachusetts ; acid base chemistry ; trend ; meta-statistics ; stream
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A ten year survey of water quality in 330 Massachusetts streams was conducted to examine the rate and pattern of recovery from acidification. Meta-analysis was used to combine the results of the 330 non-parametric trend tests into an overall test for trend in a variety of water quality variables including pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), and major inorganic ions. Analysis of trends in the raw data indicates both pH and ANC are increasing. After detrending for variations in stream runoff, we estimate the streams are recovering from acidification at a rate of +0.021 pH units/year and +2.4μeq/L/year, for pH and ANC respectively. These trends appear to be related to declines in sulfate (−1.8μeq/L/year), while base cation trends were mixed. Meta-analysis reveals the trends are not always homogeneous between seasons or between sites. While it is commonly assumed that the low ANC systems are most ‘sensitive’ to changes in acid or base inputs, we found the greatest rates of change in ANC were associated with the high ANC systems. The greatest increases in pH were seen in the low ANC streams as expected. The results also suggest streams respond quickly to changes in precipitation inputs and stream monitoring networks may be valuable as an early detection technique for changes in environmental quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVIDENCE OF RECOVERY FROM ACIDIFICATION IN MASSACHUSETTS STREAMS (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 96 (1997), S. 211-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acid rain ; Massachusetts ; acid base chemistry ; trend ; meta-statistics ; stream
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A ten year survey of water quality in 330 Massachusetts streams was conducted to examine the rate and pattern of recovery from acidification. Meta-analysis was used to combine the results of the 330 non-parametric trend tests into an overall test for trend in a variety of water quality variables including pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), and major inorganic ions. Analysis of trends in the raw data indicates both pH and ANC are increasing. After detrending for variations in stream runoff, we estimate the streams are recovering from acidification at a rate of +0.021 pH units/year and +2.4 μeq/L/year, for pH and ANC respectively. These trends appear to be related to declines in sulfate (–1.8 μeq/L/year), while base cation trends were mixed. Meta-analysis reveals the trends are not always homogeneous between seasons or between sites. While it is commonly assumed that the low ANC systems are most ‘sensitive’ to changes in acid or base inputs, we found the greatest rates of change in ANC were associated with the high ANC systems. The greatest increases in pH were seen in the low ANC streams as expected. The results also suggest streams respond quickly to changes in precipitation inputs and stream monitoring networks may be valuable as an early detection technique for changes in environmental quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026454104222
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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