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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The regulatory role of vernalization in the expression of low-temperature-induced genes in wheat and rye (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 554-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Low-temperature tolerance ; Vernalization ; Wcs120 gene family ; Gene regulation ; Gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Low temperature is one of the primary stresses limiting the growth and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.). Winter cereals low-temperature-acclimate when exposed to temperatures colder than 10°C. However, they gradually lose their ability to tolerate below-freezing temperatures when they are maintained for long periods of time in the optimum range for low-temperature acclimation. The overwinter decline in low-temperature response has been attributed to an inability of cereals to maintain low-temperature-tolerance genes in an up-regulated state once vernalization saturation has been achieved. In the present study, the low-temperature-induced Wcs120 gene family was used to investigate the relationship between low-temperature gene expression and vernalization response at the molecular level in wheat and rye. The level and duration of gene expression determined the degree of low-temperature tolerance, and the vernalization genes were identified as the key factor responsible for the duration of expression of low-temperature-induced genes. Spring-habit cultivars that did not have a vernalization response were unable to maintain low-temperature-induced genes in an up-regulated condition when exposed to 4°C. Consequently, they were unable to achieve the same levels of low-temperature tolerance as winter-habit cultivars. A close association between the point of vernalization saturation and the start of a decline in the Wcs120 gene-family mRNA level and protein accumulation in plants maintained at 4°C indicated that vernalization genes have a regulatory influence over low-temperature gene expression in winter cereals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417947
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The regulatory role of vernalization in the expression of low-temperature-induced genes in wheat and rye (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 554-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Low-temperature tolerance ; Vernalization ; Wcs120 gene family ; Gene regulation ; Gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Low temperature is one of the primary stresses limiting the growth and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.). Winter cereals low-temperature-acclimate when exposed to temperatures colder than 10°C. However, they gradually lose their ability to tolerate below-freezing temperatures when they are maintained for long periods of time in the optimum range for low-temperature acclimation. The overwinter decline in low-temperature response has been attributed to an inability of cereals to maintain low-temperature-tolerance genes in an up-regulated state once vernalization saturation has been achieved. In the present study, the low-temperature-induced Wcs120 gene family was used to investigate the relationship between low-temperature gene expression and vernalization response at the molecular level in wheat and rye. The level and duration of gene expression determined the degree of low-temperature tolerance, and the vernalization genes were identified as the key factor responsible for the duration of expression of low-temperature-induced genes. Spring-habit cultivars that did not have a vernalization response were unable to maintain low-temperature-induced genes in an up-regulated condition when exposed to 4°C. Consequently, they were unable to achieve the same levels of low-temperature tolerance as winter-habit cultivars. A close association between the point of vernalization saturation and the start of a decline in the Wcs120 gene-family mRNA level and protein accumulation in plants maintained at 4°C indicated that vernalization genes have a regulatory influence over low-temperature gene expression in winter cereals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050314
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orographic enhancement of wet deposition in the United Kingdom: case studies and modelling (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 2119-2124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Wet Deposition ; Orographic Rainfall ; Pollution ; Seeder-feeder Effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Two field experiments to observe the detailed response of wet deposition to orography in a polluted environment are reported. Rain events were classed as frontal, convective or mixed on the basis of meteorological data. Analysis of the deposition enhancement and cap cloud composition confirmed that for the frontal events the seeder-feeder effect (scavenging of cap cloud by rain drops) dominates. The greater concentration of ions in the water scavenged from the cap cloud than in the rain means that deposition is enhanced for all ions. For marine ions the scavenged water was found to be between five and six times as concentrated as the rain and for anthropogenically produced ions it was about twice as concentrated. A computational model of rainfall incorporating the seeder-feeder effect has been broadly successful in predicting enhancement although some details of the observed pattern remain to be explained. Convective events were only important in the deposition of marine ions although this may not be the case in the summer months. Convective events were found not to be subject to the seeder-feeder effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01186147
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