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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and grafting in polybutylacrylate-polystyrene core-shell emulsion polymerization (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2845-2861 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The morphology of polybutylacrylate-polystyrene (PBA-PS) core-shell latex particles prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization was investigated as a function of the addition method of styrene (St). The thin layer chromatography/flame ionization detector (TLC-FID) technique was used to characterize the morphology of the core-shell latexes. It was found that grafting PS to the PBA core occurs during seeded emulsion polymerization. The percentage of grafting depended on the method of addition of St, being greatest for the batch reaction, less for the preswollen batch reaction, and least for the semibatch reaction. Upon aging the PBA core-polymer migrated out of the latex particles with a low degree of grafting to form dumbellshaped particles, whereas the PBA-PS core-shell particles with a high degree of grafting remained spherical because of the emulsifying ability of graft copolymer.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211001
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Batch and semicontinuous emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate. II. Morphological and mechanical properties of copolymer latex films (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2383-2396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinyl acetate/(VAc)-butyl acrylate/(BuA) copolymer latex films of various copolymer compositions were investigated for their morphological properties by electron microscopy techniques, and for their mechanical properties by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile strength measurements. Batch copolymer latex films showed domains of PBuA dispersed in PVAc matrix; the domain sizes were increased with increased BuA content. Semicontinuous latex films were homogeneous in composition. Glass transition temperatures Tg determined from DMS and DSC indicated the presence of two, low and high, transition temperatures for batch latex films. The two temperatures approached the individual homopolymers, with increased PBuA content up to 51 mol %. Semicontinuous latex films showed only one single Tg. Tensile properties of the batch copolymer films showed a higher ultimate tensile strength, higher Young's modulus, and lower percent elongation to break compared to semicontinuous latex films. These differences were found to reflect the effect of mode of monomer addition during the emulsion copolymerization process on the particle morphology, and confirmed earlier data on bulk, colloidal, and surface properties of the same copolymer latexes.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210822
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of surface endgroups in polystrene latexes (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23 (1985), S. 2819-2832 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The stability against electrolytes for all-sulfate, all-carboxyl, and all-hydroxyl, polystyrene model latexes followed the order, sulfate 〉 carboxyl 〉 hydroxyl when determined from an IR light scattering technique. Two types of hydroxyl endgroups were identified by 13C-NMR (chemical shift correlations, and model compound comparisons), for the polystyrene model latexes. One type was due to termination of growing chain with an oligomer with a single monomer unit, and the other due to termination of growing chains. The surface hydroxyl groups of an all-hydroxyl latex were derivatized with hexafluoroacetone, and quantified using 19F-NMR techniques. Good agreement with the indirect conductometric titration values were obtained.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170231109
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of styrene miniemulsions (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23 (1985), S. 2973-2987 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of styrene miniemulsions, prepared using a mixed emulsifier system comprising sodium lauryl sulfate and cetyl alcohol, was carried out using both water-soluble (potassium persulfate) and oil-soluble [2,2′-azobis-(2-methyl butyronitrile)] initiators. The effects of variation of initiator concentration, polymerization temperature, and added inhibitor on the kinetics and particle-size distributions were investigated to obtain more quantitative evidence concerning the locus of polymerization in miniemulsion systems. Experimental results for the kinetics and particle-size distributions clearly showed that monomer droplets became the main source of polymer particle formation. This was attributed to the fact that stable emulsions with droplet diameters in the range of 0.05 to 0.15 μm were produced using this mixed-emulsifier system. In this size range, droplet initiation could effectively compete with other mechanisms due to their large surface area. Their size was indeed similar to the corresponding latex particle size obtained after polymerization.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170231206
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