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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-nucleation and recrystallization of polymers. Isotactic polypropylene, β phase: β-α conversion and β-α growth transitions (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 1407-1424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: isotactic polypropylene ; β phase ; α nucleation ; melting ; crystallization ; growth transitions ; thermal analysis ; morphology ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The mechanisms which, in isotactic polypropylene, create α phase nuclei on partial melting of β phase spherulites are investigated by thermal analysis and optical and electron microscopy. Nuclei concentrations are determined from recrystallization characteristics. α phase nuclei are formed within β spherulites via two different mechanisms: (1) a low temperature formation of latent α phase nuclei (αβ* nuclei) linked with a hitherto unsuspected β to α growth transition at T = T* ∼ 105°C, and (2) a high temperature α phase nucleation process (αβ nuclei), also linked with a similar β to α growth transition at 140°C first reported by Varga et al. The low temperature nucleation mechanism is the more efficient one: it significantly affects the melting of β phase, and results in samples with over 1013 α nuclei · cm-3. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090311015
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic modes of three-dimensional polymer crystal associations: Interlocked single crystals and crystal halves (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 13 (1975), S. 909-927 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Tridimensional associations of lamellar polymer single crystals, grown from dilute solutions, are described as derived from their sedimentation patterns. These associations include interlocked crystals and decorating crystal halves. The origin of these crystals and their mutual orientation are discussed and tentatively interpreted by specific interactions between the fold surface and the crystallizing chains.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.180130504
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron crystallography of epitaxially grown paraffin (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 1919-1929 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Three-dimensional electron diffraction data from the epitaxially crystallized paraffin n-C36H74 are investigated in a structure analysis and are found to give a reasonable image of the structure, in agreement with the earlier x-ray determination. An inconsistency in the refined isotropic temperature factors from different zonal projections, however, indicates the necessity for a more accurate physical model for epitaxially grown crystals which will account for a large spread of diffraction peaks along reciprocal lattice lines parallel to the projection axis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial crystallization of aliphatic polyesters on trioxane and various aromatic hydrocarbons (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 1853-1864 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Linear polyesters of the diacid-dialcohol type are observed to crystallize epitaxially onto substrate crystals of trioxane, condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, and linear polyphenyls. In line with results previously reported for PE, lattice matching requirements for epitaxy lead to a change in the polymer contact plane on the different substrates. The highly oriented, sometimes single-crystal-like polymer films are formed of stacks of lamellae seen edge on which appear well suited to investigations of the lamellar structure.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.180191205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial crystallization of polyethylene on organic substrates: A reappraisal of the mode of action of selected nucleating agents (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 1837-1851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Electron microscopy and electron diffraction studies show that polyethylene crystallizes epitaxially onto crystals of homologous series of (i) condensed aromatic hydrocarbons and (ii) linear polyphenyls. The contact planes of the PE chain-folded lamellae with the (001) faces of the substrate crystals are found to differ for the two series, being (100) and (110), respectively. The underlying epitaxial relationships are best explained by a two-dimensional lattice matching of polymer and substrate networks. In view of the structural similarities of the present substrates and some well-known nucleating agents for polyethylene, epitaxy is suggested as a possible mechanism which could explain the nucleating ability of the latter. This is experimentally demonstrated with the potassium salt of phthalic acid.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.180191204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid-crystalline textures in binary and ternary block copolymer-solvent systemsCorrected proofs received May 3, 1982 (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 20 (1982), S. 1341-1353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A number of characteristic liquid-crystalline textures can be obtained in binary and ternary systems (i.e., including one or two solvents) based on polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO) and polystyrene-polyisoprene block copolymers. These textures include oily streaks, myelinic figures, and vesicles, all characteristic of a lamellar structure; fan-shaped textures of cylindrical structure; and isotropic domains indicative of a cubic structure. Experimental conditions used to systematically produce the mesomorphic textures are described, and the rather critical solubility conditions which the solvents must meet are indicated. The rules and described procedures should be quite general and applicable to other copolymers as well. Finally, highly unusual examples of “pseudomorphosis” typical of liquid-crystalline textures occurring in bulk upon melting and crystallization of the PEO sequences in PEO-PS copolymers are also reported.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.180200801
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial crystallization of polymers onto benzoic acid: Polyethylene and paraffins, aliphatic polyesters, and polyamides (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 21 (1983), S. 2495-2509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial crystallization of polyethylene, n-paraffins, aliphatic polyesters, and various polyamides has been achieved on benzoic acid crystal substrates, specifically on their (001) crystals faces, which are made up of the aromatic rings. The epitaxial relationship is very similar for all polymers investigated: it is characterized by a unique chain orientation (parallel to the b axis of the substrate) and a plane of contact which is either the b-c, plane of polyethylene, or crystallographically similar ones for polyesters, or the plane of the hydrogen-bonded sheet for polyamides. Since benzoic acid is structurally similar to its alkali-metal salts, it is inferred that the nucleating efficiency of the latter toward chemically different but structurally similar polymers may well rest on an epitaxial relationship. Finally, the highly oriented morphology made it possible, for some polyesters with a monoclinic cell, to determine the angle between the chain axis and the Z axis of the optical indicatrix, a quantity not measured so far in polymers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.180211207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer decoration: The orientation of polymer folds as revealed by the crystallization of polymer vapors (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 23 (1985), S. 205-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new technique of decoration of the fold surface of polymer crystals is described. It is similar in methodology to gold decoration, but makes use of vapors of crystallizable polymers, principally polyethylene, as decorating material. Upon condensation and crystallization, the highly anisometric decorating molecules become oriented parallel to the fold direction. They build up small crystalline lamellae which, seen edge-on, appear as elongated rods and can be easily observed by conventional transmission electron microscopy. This decoration technique reveals the sectorization of polymer single crystals grown from solution. It can be used to determine the local fold orientation (with a resolution of ca. 10 nm) of polymers crystallized under a wide range of conditions, including crystallization from the bulk. The technique reveals that under all crystallization conditions so far investigated the outermost part of the polymer fold surface is relatively ordered, and the folds and/or loops are, as a rule, oriented nearly parallel to the macroscopic growth front.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.180230119
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