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  • 1
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    Intensity of the geomagnetic field in Europe for the last 3 ka: Influence of data quality on geomagnetic field modeling (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: One of the main challenges of paleomagnetic research is to obtain high-resolution geomagnetic field intensity reconstructions. For the last millennia, these reconstructions are mostly based on archeomagnetic data. However, the quality of the intensity data available in the databases is very variable, and the high scatter observed in the records clearly suggests that some of them might not be reliable. In this work we investigate how the geomagnetic field intensity reconstructions and, hence, our present knowledge of the geomagnetic field in the past, are affected by the quality of the data selected for modeling the Earth’s magnetic field. For this purpose we rank the European archeointensity data in four quality categories following widely accepted paleomagnetic criteria based on the methodology used during the laboratory treatment of the samples and on the number of specimens retained to calculate the mean intensities. Four geomagnetic field regional models have been implemented by applying the revised spherical cap harmonic analysis to these four groups of input data. Geomagnetic field models strongly depend on the used data set. The model built using all the available data (without any preselection) appears to be the less accurate, indicating some internal inconsistencies of the data set. In addition, some features of this model are clearly dominated by the less reliable archeointensity data, suggesting that such features might not reflect real variations of the past geomagnetic field. On the contrary, the regional model built on selected high-quality intensity data shows a very consistent intensity pattern at the European scale, confirming that the main intensity changes observed in Europe in the recent history of the geomagnetic field occurred at the continental scale.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2515–2530
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geomagnetism ; Paleomagnetism ; Archeomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Recent developments in Archeomagnetism: the story of the Earth's past magnetic field (2015)
    Nova Science Publishers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-14
    Description: Since the pioneering studies in archeomagnetism in the second half of the 20th century, the number of archeomagnetic studies has increased exponentially. The huge density of archeomagnetic data collected during these years allows us to describe the past spatial and temporal evolution of the Earth’s magnetic field during the last millennia. Most of the data are located in the Northern Hemisphere, but currently, thanks to the strong effort of the paleomagnetic community, new collections of data are coming from the Southern Hemisphere, homogenizing the present database. Although the data distribution presents some epochs and locations where the data are still very scarce, they describe, to a greater or lesser degree of accuracy, the past behavior of the geomagnetic field. At regional scales, the use of archeomagnetic data permits the construction of paleosecular variation curves for the geomagnetic field elements: declination, inclination, and intensity. These curves describe the evolution of the elements at different times for the last millennia. During the last five years novel techniques, such as Bayesian statistics, bootstrap algorithms, or the Markov chain Monte Carlo method, have been applied to extract the most useful information from archeomagnetic data to build accurate and reliable curves. The accuracy of these curves can be exploited as a tool for archeomagnetic dating, assigning possible ages to archeological artifacts or volcanic lava flows with unknown age. At global scales, archeomagnetic data are jointly treated with other paleomagnetic data to generate continuous geomagnetic field models, reconstructing the past evolution of the geomagnetic field not only at the Earth’s surface, but also at the core-mantle boundary, shedding light on the past evolution of complex geodynamo processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 99-158
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Archeomagnetism ; Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 3
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    Statistical Analysis of Palaeomagnetic Data from the Last Four Centuries: Evidence of Systematic Inclination Shallowing in Lava Flow Records. (2014)
    Springer Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: The main objective of this work is to compare directional (declination and inclination) volcanic and archaeomagnetic data for the last four centuries (1600–1990) with the historical geomagnetic predictions given by the GUFM1 model which spans from 1590 to 1990. The results show statistical agreement between archaeomagnetic data and directions given by the geomagnetic field model. However, when comparing the volcanic data with the model predictions, marked inclination shallowing is observed. This systematically lower inclination has already been observed in local palaeomagnetic studies (Italy, Mexico and Hawaii) for the 20th century, by comparing recent lava flows with the International Reference Geomagnetic Field (IGRF) model. Here, we show how this inclination shallowing is statistically present at worldwide scale for the last 400 years with mean inclination deviation around 3º lower than the historical geomagnetic field model predictions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 839–848
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Inclination Shallowing ; Paleomagnetism ; Volcanic data ; Archeomagnetic data ; Geomagnetic field models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Paleomagnetic constraints on the age of Lomo Negro volcanic eruption (El Hierro, Canary Islands) (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: A paleomagnetic study has been carried out in 29 cores drilled at 6 different sites from the volcanic products of Lomo Negro eruption (El Hierro, Canary Islands, Spain). Systematic thermal and alternating field demagnetization of the samples’ NRM (Natural Remanent Magnetization) revealed a northward, stable paleomagnetic direction similar in all the samples. Rock magnetic experiments indicate that this paleomagnetic component is carried by a mixture of high-Ti and low-Ti titanomagnetite crystals typical of basaltic lithologies that have experienced a significant degree of oxyexsolution during subaerial cooling. The well constrained paleomagnetic direction of Lomo Negro lavas was used to perform a paleomagnetic dating of the volcanic event, using the SHA.DIF.14k global geomagnetic model restricted for the last three thousand years. It can be unambiguously concluded that Lomo Negro eruption occurred well before the previously proposed date of 1793 AD, with three different age ranges being statistically possible during the last 3 ka: 115 BC-7 AD, 410-626 AD, and 1499-1602 AD. The calibration of a previously published non-calibrated 14C dating suggests a XVI c. date for Lomo Negro eruption. This conclusion leaves open the possibility that the seismic crisis occurred at El Hierro in 1793 AD was related to an intrusive magmatic event that either did not reach the surface or either culminated in an unregistered submarine eruption similar to the one occurred in 2011-2012 at the southern off-shore ridge of the island.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1497-1514
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Lomo Negro eruption ; El Hierro ; Paleomagnetic dating ; Paleomagnetism ; Secular variation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    2700 years of Mediterranean environmental change in central Italy: a synthesis of sedimentary and cultural records to interpret past impacts of climate on society (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-23
    Description: Abrupt climate change in the past is thought to have disrupted societies by accelerating environmental degradation, potentially leading to cultural collapse. Linking climate change directly to societal disruption is challenging because socioeconomic factors also play a large role, with climate being secondary or sometimes inconsequential. Combining paleolimnologic, historical, and archaeological methods provides for a more secure basis for interpreting the past impacts of climate on society. We present pollen, nonpollen palynomorph, geochemical, paleomagnetic and sedimentary data from a high-resolution 2700 yr lake sediment core from central Italy and compare these data with local historical documents and archeological surveys to reconstruct a record of environmental change in relation to socioeconomic history and climatic fluctuations. Here we document cases in which environmental change is strongly linked to changes in local land management practices in the absence of clear climatic change, as well as examples when climate change appears to have been a strong catalyst that resulted in significant environmental change that impacted local communities. During the Imperial Roman period, despite a long period of stable, mild climate, and a large urban population in nearby Rome, our site shows only limited evidence for environmental degradation. Warm and mild climate during the Medieval Warm period, on the other hand, led to widespread deforestation and erosion. The ability of the Romans to utilize imported resources through an extensive trade network may have allowed for preservation of the environment near the Roman capital, whereas during medieval time, the need to rely on local resources led to environmental degradation. Cool wet climate during the Little Ice Age led to a breakdown in local land use practices, widespread land abandonment and rapid reforestation. Our results present a highresolution regional case study that explores the effect of climate change on society for an underdocumented region of Europe.
    Description: Published
    Description: 72 - 94
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Central Italy ; Mediterranean environments ; Society and climate ; Paleoenvironmental change ; Pollen ; Paleomagnetism ; Geochemistry ; Historical documents ; Late Holocene ; Roman Empire ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.03. Pollution ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.03. Climate Indicators ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.05. Paleoclimate ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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