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  • Neurohypophysis  (3)
  • Vasopressin precursor  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Neurosecretion ; Neurophysin ; Neurohypophysia hormones ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron-microscope autoradiographs have been prepared from the neural lobes of the pituitary glands of rats which had received intracisternal injections of [35S] cysteine at various times before gland removal. The rate of appearance and disappearance of autoradiographically demonstrable radioactivity in the neural lobe closely paralleled that previously determined, biochemically, for radioactive hormones and neurophysins. Radioactivity was appreciably associated with the undilated parts of neurosecretory axons only during the first few hours after injection of the label. The axonal dilations were subdivided into those in which small vesicles could be seen (“endings”) and those in which no small vesicles could be seen (“swellings”). Radioactivity appeared first in “endings” and then in progressively larger and larger profiles of “swellings”. It appeared that newly arrived granules were found close to the limiting membrane of the nerve swelling and that as time progressed they moved deeper and deeper into the swelling. On the basis of the results, suggestions were made for an anatomical explanation of the readily-releasable pool of hormone which has been demonstrated pharmacologically.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin precursor ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Gold/silver intensification ; Immunocytochemistry ; Brattleboro rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This ultrastructural study demonstrates that the vasopressin immunoreactivity found in the occasional, densely stained cells in the hypothalamus of the homozygous Brattleboro rat is localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 50-μm Vibratome sections were stained with anti-vasopressin serum by use of a peroxidase method with 3,3-diaminobenzidine as chromogen. The diaminobenzidine end-product has a specific capability to bind gold particles from a chloroauric acid solution and the bound gold was used to precipitate silver grains from a silver developer. The stained sections were flat embedded in resin and ultrathin sections were cut of areas containing the immuno-identified occasional cells. In these densely stained, vasopressin-immunoreactive cells of homozygous Brattleboro rats the rough endoplasmic reticulum was dilated. The lumen of the reticulum contained both end-products of diaminobenzidine and gold/silver grains, but some parts of the reticulum appeared unstained. No other cell organelles were immunostained and no secretory granules were found. In control rats, gold/silver deposits were found throughout the cytoplasm of vasopressin-immunoreactive cells. In these immunostained cells secretory granules were seen.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin precursor ; Hypothalamus ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Brattleboro rat ; Normal rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary CP-14, a tetradecapeptide from the predicted mutant vasopressin precursor in the homozygous Brattleboro rat was detected immunocytochemically in the supraoptic nucleus of homozygous Brattleboro but not normal rats. The staining was localized to the periphery of the perikarya. CP-14 immunoreactivity was not found in the neural lobes, paraventricular nuclei, accessory nuclei or suprachiasmatic nuclei of either homozygous Brattleboro or normal rats. Vasopressin immunoreactivity was found in the neural lobe and in the perinuclear region of neurons of the supraoptic, paraventricular, suprachiasmatic and accessory nuclei of normal rats. Vasopressin immunoreactivity was also found in homozygous Brattleboro rats, mainly in the ventral part of the supraoptic nucleus: densely stained solitary cells were found amongst other faintly stained perikarya. In both cell-types the staining was mainly in the periphery of the perikarya. No vasopressin immunoreactivity was detected in the paraventricular nuclei, suprachiasmatic nuclei, accessory nuclei or neural lobe of homozygous Brattleboro rats. CP-14 and vasopressin immunoreactivities were found to be co-localized; both were present in the periphery of the same perikarya of the supraoptic nuclei of homozygous Brattleboro rats. Differential staining was found with antioxytocin serum in both normal rats and homozygous Brattleboro rats: separate neurons were stained for either oxytocin or vasopressin and CP-14. Immunoreactive oxytocin was found mainly in the perinuclear region of the neurons from the supraoptic, paraventricular and accessory nuclei.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 199-210 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Neurohypophysis ; Neurophysin ; Secretion ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracisternal injections of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of glycosylation, decreased the incorporation of [35S]cysteine into the neurophysins in the rat neurohypophysis. Histochemical and immunocytochemical studies showed that there was no concomitant decrease in the amount of secretory product in the perikarya of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurones. Indeed there was an increase, although this was not associated with neurosecretory granules as judged electron-microscopically. Tunicamycin led to the formation of socalled “colloid droplets” which were immunopositive and of which the ultrastructural correlates appeared to be product-filled dilatations of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The observations are interpreted to suggest that glycosylation plays a rôle in the packaging of secretory material in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Neurophysins ; Intra-axonal transport ; Immunocytochemistry ; Colchicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Small doses (3.5 μg and 7 μg) of colchicine injected intracisternally caused an interruption of transport of secretory material from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus to the neural lobe of the pituitary gland. Transport was assessed by direct measurement of the incorporation of [35S] cysteine into neurophysins, by radioimmunoassay of accumulated material in discrete areas of the system and by immunocytochemistry. The larger dose (7 μg) switched off transport completely during the first 24 h but the system began to recover within three to four days. Colchicine had little, if any, effect on synthesis; comparison of the relationships of the apparent amounts of immunoreactive neurophysins and immunoreactive hormones in the arrested product led to the conclusion that processing of the hormone precursors continues within the secretory granules which accumulated in the perikarya.
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