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  • Nature and Landscape Conservation  (2)
  • endemism  (2)
  • 1
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    A quantitative assessment of the vegetation types on the island of St. Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean (2016)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  Global Ecology and Conservation vol. 7, pp. 59-69
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Caribbean dry forests are among the most endangered tropical ecosystems on earth. Several studies exist on their floristic composition and their recovery after natural or man-made disturbances, but little is known on the small Dutch Caribbean islands. In this study, we present quantitative data on plant species richness and abundance on St. Eustatius, one of the smallest islands of the Lesser Antilles. We collected and identified trees, shrubs, lianas and herbs in 11 plots of 25 x 25 m in different vegetation types. We compared their floristic composition and structure to vegetation surveys from roughly the same locations in the 1990s and 1950s. We found substantial differences among our 11 plots: vegetation types varied from evergreen forests to deciduous shrubland and open woodland. The number of tree species \xe2\x89\xa5 10 cm DBH ranged between one and 17, and their density between three and 82 per plot. In spite that all plots were subject to grazing by free roaming cattle, canopy height and floristic diversity have increased in the last decades. Invasive species are present in the open vegetation types, but not under (partly) closed canopy. Comparison with the earlier surveys showed that the decline of agriculture and conservation efforts resulted in the regeneration of dry forests between the 1950s and 2015. This process has also been reported from nearby islands and offers good opportunities for the future conservation of Caribbean dry forests.
    Keywords: Nature and Landscape Conservation ; Ecology ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    Depreissia decipiens, an enigmatic canopy spider from Borneo revisited (Araneae, Salticidae), with remarks on the distribution and diversity of canopy spiders in Sabah, Borneo (2016)
    In:  ZooKeys vol. 549, pp. 1-17
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Depreissia is a little known genus comprising two hymenopteran-mimicking species, one found in Central \nAfrica and one in the north of Borneo. The male of D. decipiens is redescribed, the female is described for \nthe first time. The carapace is elongated, dorsally flattened and rhombus-shaped, the rear of the thorax \nlaterally depressed and transformed, with a pair of deep pits; the pedicel is almost as long as the abdomen. \nThe male palp is unusual, characterized by the transverse deeply split membranous tegulum separating a \nventral part which bears a sclerotized tegular apophysis and a large dagger-like retrodirected median apophysis. The female epigyne consists of one pair of large adjacent spermathecae and very long copulatory \nducts arising posteriorly and rising laterally alongside the spermathecae continuing in several vertical and \nhorizontal coils over the anterior surface. Relationships within the Salticidae are discussed and an affinity \nwith the Cocalodinae is suggested. Arguments are provided for a hypothesis that D. decipiens is not antmimicking as was previously believed, but is a mimic of polistinine wasps. The species was found in the \ncanopy in the Kinabalu area only, in primary and old secondary rainforest at 200\xe2\x80\x93700 m.a.s.l. Overlap of \ncanopy-dwelling spider species with those in the understorey are discussed and examples of species richness and endemism in the canopy are highlighted. Canopy fogging is a very efficient method of collecting \nfor most arthropods. The canopy fauna adds an extra dimension to the known biodiversity of the tropical \nrainforest. In southeast Asia, canopy research has been neglected, inhibiting evaluation of comparative \nresults of this canopy project with that from other regions. More use of fogging as a collecting method \nwould greatly improve insight into the actual species richness and species distribution in general.
    Keywords: Jumping spiders ; canopy spiders ; taxonomy ; biodiversity ; ant-mimicking spiders ; wasp-mimicking ; Mt. Kinabalu ; rainforest ; Cocalodinae ; Polistine wasps ; endemism
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: A ten-year inventory of the Gaoligongshan in western Yunnan Province, China, yielded more than 1000 adult spider specimens belonging to the symphytognathoid families Theridiosomatidae, Mysmenidae, Anapidae, and Symphytognathidae. These specimens belong to 36 species, all herein described as new. In Theridiosomatidae: Epeirotypus dalong sp. n., Ogulnius barbandrewsi sp. n., Baalzebub nemesis sp. n., Theridiosoma diwang sp. n., Theridiosoma shuangbi sp. n., Zoma dibaiyin sp. n., Wendilgarda muji sp. n., Coddingtonia euryopoides gen. n., sp. n.; in Mysmenidae: Mysmena changouzi sp. n., Mysmena jinlong sp. n., Mysmena bizi sp. n., Mysmena goudao sp. n., Mysmena haban sp. n., Mysmena shibali sp. n., Simaoa yaojia gen. n., sp. n., Simaoa kavanaugh sp. n., Simaoa maku sp. n., Simaoa bianjing sp. n., Gaoligonga changya gen. n., sp. n., Gaoligonga zhusun sp. n., Mosu nujiang gen. n. sp. n., Mosu huogou sp. n., Chanea suukyii gen. n., sp. n., Maymena paquini sp. n., Maymena kehen sp. n.; in Anapidae: Gaiziapis zhizhubagen. n., sp. n.; in Symphytognathidae: Patu jidanweishi sp. n., Patu qiqi sp. n., Patu xiaoxiao sp. n., Crassignatha pianma sp. n., Crassignatha yinzhi sp. n., Crassignatha quanqu sp. n., Crassignatha yamu sp. n., Crassignatha ertou sp. n., Crassignatha gudu sp. n., Crassignatha longtou sp. n. The first species of Zoma Saaristo, 1996 (previously monotypic, known from Seychelles) and Maymena Gertsch, 1960 (previously known from the Americas) are reported from China. The genus Crassignatha Wunderlich, 1995 (previously known from a single male from Malaysia) is represented by seven new Chinese species and is transferred to Symphytognathidae. The first Epeirotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 species from beyond the Neotropics is described, although the presence of the genus in Asia was previously noted. Notes on morphological characters exhibited by this fauna and implications for the limits and diagnosis of some symphytognathoid families are given. Dichotomous keys to species are provided. Quantitative biodiversity analysis suggests a high degree of endemism for symphytognathoids in the Gaoligongshan.
    Keywords: Theridiosomatidae ; Mysmenidae ; Symphytognathidae ; Anapidae ; biodiversity ; endemism ; labral spur
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Vegetation associations and relative abundance of rodents on St. Eustatius, Caribbean Netherlands (2019)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  Global Ecology and Conservation vol. 20 no. e00743
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Description: Since the introduction of non-native rodents to the Caribbean region, these invaders have successfully occupied many, if not most, islands where they pose tremendous threats to native biodiversity and ecosystems. The objective of our study was to conduct a preliminary assessment of the relative abundance of invasive alien rodents in different vegetation types on the small Caribbean island of St. Eustatius, which has no native rodent species. We used tracking tunnels (baited ink cards placed in tunnels to identify the prints of animals lured to the card) to determine the presence of rodent species. We collected data in 25 x 25 m (n = 13) and 5 x 5m (n = 130) plots to determine whether elevation, number of tree species, canopy cover or other microhabitat components were correlated with rodent relative abundance. Invasive rodents are present in varying relative abundances in rural areas on St. Eustatius. House mice (Mus musculus) were not recorded inside the terrestrial protected areas, whereas black rats (Rattus rattus) were detected in all elevations and all but one vegetation type sampled. We determined significant correlations between some of the habitat characteristics, especially elevation, canopy height, leaf litter cover and number of tree species, which showed significant collinearity with 27 of 45 pairwise comparisons. There was a significant correlation between rodent relative abundance and the number of tree species, but not between elevation, number of living trees, number of shrubs, rainfall, canopy cover, canopy height, leaf litter cover, leaf litter depth, or slope. There was a significant difference within vegetation types for the frequency of traps containing rat versus mouse tracks. Our study was impacted by two major hurricanes in September 2017.
    Keywords: Nature and Landscape Conservation ; Ecology ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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